vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.257vavilov-1014Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ПОВЕДЕНИЯBEHAVIORAL GENETICSОб отборе лисиц на агрессивность и его коррелированных последствияхOn selection of foxes for enhanced aggressiveness and its correlated implicationsТрутЛ. Н.TrutL. N.ХарламоваА. В.KharlamovaA. V.ВладимироваА. В.VladimirovaA. V.ГербекЮ. Э.HerbeckYu. E.herbek@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian Federation201722072017214392401Copyright © Трут Л.Н., Харламова А.В., Владимирова А.В., Гербек Ю.Э., 20172017Трут Л.Н., Харламова А.В., Владимирова А.В., Гербек Ю.Э.Trut L.N., Kharlamova A.V., Vladimirova A.V., Herbeck Y.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1014

Рассмотрены результаты длительного (35-летнего) отбора лисиц, векторизованного на агрессивное реагирование на человека. Приводятся средние оценки фенотипической экспрессии агрессивности в ряду всех поколений отбора. Динамика этих оценок показывает, что фенотипический ответ на отбор был очевиден только первые 12 поколений. Последующий этап отбора не привел к заметному росту средней оценки агрессивности. Представлены результаты дисперсионного анализа межгрупповой изменчивости (или изменчивости между потомками разных матерей) и внутригрупповой (среди потомков одних и тех же семей). Изменчивость внутри семей стабильно низкая. Вероятнее всего, ее стабилизируют материнские пренатальные и ранние постнатальные влияния. Что же касается динамики межгрупповой вариабельности в процессе отбора, то общий тренд сводится к тому, что ее уровень в селекционируемой популяции не падает, несмотря на длительный систематический отбор. Как свидетельствуют статистические показатели фенотипического сходства потомков с родителями, аддитивные взаимодействия не могут объяснить сохраняющуюся изменчивость. Однако не исключена роль эпистатических взаимодействий. Акцент делается на коррелированных последствиях отбора на усиление агрессивности и на их сопоставлении с последствиями отбора в противоположном направлении – на элиминацию агрессивных реакций на человека, или на приручаемость. На примере некоторых физиологических и отдельных морфологических признаков демонстрируется параллельный характер коррелированных изменений при отборе противоположного направления. Этот феномен обсуждается в аспекте классических представлений о резервах скрытой генетической изменчивости и роли отбора в ее фенотипической экспрессии. К его интерпретации привлекаются также некоторые молекулярно-генетические данные, указывающие на возможную общность генетического контроля отдельных параметров агрессии и приручаемости или на возможность существования общих генетических мишеней для отбора в том и другом направлении.

The results of a 35-year selection of foxes for aggressive response to humans are reported. Averaged estimates of the phenotypic manifestation of aggressiveness in all selection generations are presented. The dynamics of these estimates shows that the phenotypic response to the selection was obvious only in the first 12 generations. Subsequent selection did not alter the mean aggressiveness score. Analysis of variance was performed for the intergroup variability (among descendants of different mothers) and intragroup variability (among the offspring within a family). The intragroup variability was constantly low. Most likely, the trait is stabilized by maternal prenatal and early neonatal factors. The general tendency in the dynamics of intergroup variability is that it does not decrease over time during selection, no matter how long the population has been under it. It follows from the statistical indices of the phenotypic similarity between parents and offspring that additive interactions are insufficient for the explanation of the persisting variability. The contribution of epistatic interactions is not ruled out, though. Emphasis is laid on the correlated consequences of the selection for aggressiveness and their coordination with the consequences of the selection in the opposite direction, for elimination of aggressive response to humans, or for tameness. The parallelism of correlated changes in the selection in contrasting directions is illustrated by the examples of some physiological and morphological traits. The phenomenon is discussed in the light of classical notions of the resource of cryptic genetic variation and the role of selection in its phenotypic manifestation. Its interpretation also invokes molecular data pointing that some genetic pathways may regulate parameters of both aggression and tameness and that the selection processes in both directions may have some genetic targets in common.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.