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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ17.258</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ПОВЕДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BEHAVIORAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние экспериментальной доместикации серебристо-черных лисиц (Vulpes vulpes) на вокальное поведение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of experimental domestication of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on vocal behaviour</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гоголева</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gogoleva</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биологический факультет</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Володин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volodin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биологический факультет</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology</p><p>Scientific Research Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volodinsvoc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Володина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volodina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Scientific Research Department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харламова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharlamova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трут</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trut</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. M.В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. M.В. Ломоносова&#13;
&#13;
Московский государственный зоологический парк<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University&#13;
&#13;
Moscow Zoo<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный зоологический парк<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Zoo<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>402</fpage><lpage>413</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гоголева С.С., Володин И.А., Володина Е.В., Харламова А.В., Трут Л.Н., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гоголева С.С., Володин И.А., Володина Е.В., Харламова А.В., Трут Л.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gogoleva S.S., Volodin I.A., Volodina E.V., Kharlamova A.V., Trut L.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1015">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1015</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья обобщает цикл исследований структуры звуков и вокального поведения серебристо-черных лисиц, различающихся по характеру реагирования на человека. Показано, что селекция в течение 50 лет на ручное поведение к человеку привела к избирательному использованию Ручными лисицами по отношению к людям двух типов звуков, кудахтанья и шумного дыхания. При этом селекционированные на агрессию к людям Агрессивные и не селекционированные Контрольные лисицы, в свою очередь, избирательно используют по отношению к людям такие звуки, как кашель и фырканье. Таким образом, выявлены типы звуков, являющиеся вокальными индикаторами дружелюбного и агрессивного поведения лисиц по отношению к человеку. Однако доместикация не изменяет вокального поведения лисиц по отношению к другим лисицам, все три группы не различаются по вокальному поведению, адресованному конспецификам. Исследована связь вокального поведения со степенью толерантности по отношению к человеку у гибридов первого поколения от скрещивания между Ручными и Агрессивными лисицами и беккроссов на Ручных и Агрессивных лисиц. Оценен эффект пола лисиц и степени воздействия со стороны человека на параметры вокального поведения. В результате исследований были обнаружены универсальные для млекопитающих вокальные индикаторы степени эмоционального возбуждения, не зависящие от знака эмоций. Выявлены характеристики вокального поведения, связанные со знаком эмоций – позитивным или негативным. Разработан простой и эффективный метод оценки уровня дискомфорта животного на основе «слитых звуков», которые учитывают характеристики всех звуков, изданных животным независимо от структуры этих звуков. Полученные результаты служат основой для дальнейших сравнительных исследований акустической структуры и вокального поведения других представителей рода Vulpes и других близких родов псовых (Canis, Cuon, Lycaon).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper systematizes and generalizes a research cycle devoted to studying the acoustics and vocal behaviour of silver foxes that differ in their tolerance to humans. The research revealed that 50-year selection for tameness toward people resulted in selective use by Tame foxes toward humans of two call types, pant and cackle. At the same time, the selected for aggression toward people Aggressive foxes and the non-selected for behaviour Control foxes, selectively use toward humans cough and snort. Thus, call types representing vocal indicators of friendly and aggressive behaviour of foxes toward humans have been revealed by the research. Nevertheless, experimental domestication did not change vocal behaviour of foxes toward conspecifics; all three strains did not differ by their vocal behaviour toward same-strain silver foxes. Relationship has been investigated between vocal behaviour and degree of tolerance toward people for hybrids between Tame and Aggressive foxes and for backcrosses to Tame and Aggressive foxes. Effect was estimated between fox sex and the degree of human impact on focal fox for variables of fox vocal behaviour. The research revealed the universal for mammals vocal indicators of emotional arousal that are independent of the emotional valence. Characteristics of vocal behaviour that are related with positive and negative emotional valence have been revealed. A simple and effective method for estimating animal discomfort based on ”joint calls” that takes into account the characteristics of all calls irrespective of their acoustic structure has been revealed. The obtained results provide a basis for further comparative studies of the acoustic structure and vocal behaviour for other taxa of the genus Vulpes and the related canid genera (Canis, Cuon, Lycaon).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспериментальная доместикация лисиц</kwd><kwd>вокальный репертуар</kwd><kwd>коммуникативное поведение</kwd><kwd>позитивные и негативные эмоции</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие человек – животное</kwd><kwd>эмоциональное возбуждение</kwd><kwd>акустические параметры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>experimental domestication of silver fox</kwd><kwd>vocal repertoire</kwd><kwd>communicative behaviour</kwd><kwd>emotional valence</kwd><kwd>human-animal interaction</kwd><kwd>emotional arousal</kwd><kwd>acoustic variation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beckers G.J.L., Nelson B.S., Suthers R.A. 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