References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ17.259

vavilov-1016

Research Article

ГЕНЕТИКА ПОВЕДЕНИЯ

BEHAVIORAL GENETICS

Доместикация и мозг: сорок лет спустя

The domestication and the brain: forty years after

Попова

Н. К.

Popova

N. K.

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian Federation

2017

22072017

214414420

2017

Попова Н.К.

Popova N.K.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1016

Доместикация диких животных – краеугольный камень цивилизации. Идея Д.К. Беляева об основе доместикации как бессознательном отборе человеком каменного века неагрессивных животных была подтверждена многолетними уникальными работами Института цитологии и генетики по доместикации серебристо-черных лисиц, крыс-пасюков и американских норок. Обзор посвящен роли медиаторов мозга в механизмах доместикации. Полученные в наших исследованиях данные свидетельствуют об участии серотониновой системы мозга в перестройке поведения при селекции животных на низкую агрессивность. Установлено, что доместикация, превращающая агрессивное дикое животное в неагрессивное и дружелюбное, сопровождается у животных разных видов (серебристо-черных лисиц, крыс-пасюков и норок) изменением основных молекулярных элементов, определяющих функциональную активность серотониновой системы. Агрессивные и неагрессивные животные различаются по уровню серотонина в мозге, по активности основных ферментов метаболизма серотонина и по экспрессии серотониновых рецепторов. Активность катализирующей синтез серотонина в мозге триптофангидроксилазы-2 у неагрессивных животных повышена, активность фермента деградации моноаминоксидазы А – понижена. Доместицированные крысы отличаются от агрессивных и по экспрессии серотониновых 5-НТ1А-рецепторов: уровень мРНК 5-НТ1А-рецептора, плотность рецепторов в структурах мозга и функциональная активность у них выше, чем у агрессивных. Все это свидетельствует о существенной роли нейромедиатора мозга серотонина в эволюционном процессе доместикации животных. Особое внимание в обзоре обращено на роль медиаторов мозга в коррелятивной изменчивости при селекции по поведению. Представлен комплекс доказательств нашей гипотезы, согласно которой одним из механизмов возникновения важнейших коррелятивных признаков при доместикации – изменений в основной системе стресса (гипоталамогипофизарно-надпочечниковой) и регулятора репродукции (гипоталамо-гипофизарно-половой) – является вовлечение в селекционный процесс серотониновой системы мозга, которая, наряду с функцией регулятора агрессивного поведения, контролирует эндокринные железы.

The domestication of animals was crucial for the civilization evolutionary experiment. The main characteristic of domesticated animal is tame behavior towards man. D.K. Belyaev suggested that the domestication was carried out by man of the Stone Age as unintended selection of nonaggressive animals. This hypothesis was confirmed at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, by unique long-lasting selection of silver foxes, Norway rats and American minks for nonaggressive behavior towards man. The review concentrates on the role of the brain neurotransmitters in the mechanism of animal domestication. Specifically, it describes the effect of selective breeding for nonaggressive behavior on the brain neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) system. Our data showed that produced by domestication the conversion of wild, aggressive animal to non-aggressive towards man is associated with changes in the expression of key molecular members determining the brain 5-HT system functioning. Significant difference between aggressive and nonaggressive animals in the 5-HT metabolism, in the expression of principle metabolic enzymes and 5-HT receptors was shown in different species of mammals (silver foxes, Norway rats and American minks). Higher concentration of 5-HT and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, increased activity of the principle enzyme in 5-HT synthesis (tryptophan hydroxylase-2) and decreased activity of the principle enzyme in 5-HT degradation (monoamine oxidase A) was shown in the midbrain of domesticated silver foxes and rats. The expression of the 5-HTA receptor gene, the density and functional activity of 5-HTA receptors in nonaggressive rats were increased. The review provides converging lines of evidence for our hypothesis that the changes in the brain 5-HT contributes to a mechanism underlying correlative patterns of domestication, i.e. changes in the pivotal for stress response and for the reproduction pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-gonadal systems.

доместикацияагрессивностьмедиаторы мозгасеротонинкоррелятивная изменчивостьстрессгипофизарно-половая система.

domesticationaggressivenessneurotransmittersserotonincorrelative traitsstress-responsepituitary-gonadal system

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.