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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕЙОЗ: ЧТО НУЖНО ПЕРЕЖИТЬ РАДИ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ЧИСЛА ХРОМОСОМ ВДВОЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MEIOSIS: HOW TO HALVE THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торгашева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torgasheva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">torgasheva@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RАS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Торгашева А.А., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Торгашева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Torgasheva A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/107">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/107</self-uri><abstract><p>В течение более ста лет со времени открытия мейоза представления об этом сложном способе деления клеток постоянно изменяются и уточняются. Для его успешного протекания множество процессов, таких, как репликация хромосом, упаковка хроматина, обмен гомологичными участками, выстраивание бивалентов в плоскости деления, расхождение, должно быть точно скоординировано во времени и пространстве. Развитие молекулярно-генетических и иммуноцитохимических методов в последние десятилетия позволило выяснить детали этих процессов и приблизиться к пониманию механизмов их регуляции. В данном обзоре приведены современные представления об основных событиях, происходящих в мейозе, на примерах дрожжей и млекопитающих. Особое внимание уделено процессам синапсиса и рекомбинации хромосом, а также моноориентации кинетохоров сестринских хроматид в первом делении – ключевым особенностям, отличающим мейоз от митоза и обеспечивающим редукцию числа хромосом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The notion of meiosis has been changed and refined for over a century since the discovery of this complicated way of cell division. Its success depends on precise time and space orchestration of many processes, such as chromosome replication, packaging, exchange of homologous regions, alignment in the plane of division, and disjunction. The development of molecular and immunocytochemical methods in recent decades cast light on the details of these processes and brought scientists closer to the understanding of mechanisms regulating them. This review presents the current notion of the major meiotic events by examples of yeast and mammals. Particular attention is paid to processes underlying chromosome synapsis and recombination, as well as monoorientation of sister kinetochores in the first division, the key features distinguishing meiosis from mitosis and ensuring chromosome number reduction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мейоз</kwd><kwd>рекомбинация</kwd><kwd>синаптонемный комплекс</kwd><kwd>инактивация половых хромосом</kwd><kwd>моноориентация кинетохоров</kwd><kwd>когезия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>meiosis</kwd><kwd>recombination</kwd><kwd>synaptonemal complex</kwd><kwd>sex chromosome inactivation</kwd><kwd>kinetochore monoorientation</kwd><kwd>cohesion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданов Ю.Ф. Эволюция мейоза одноклеточных и многоклеточных эукариот. Ароморфоз на клеточном уровне // Журн. общ. биологии. 2008а. Т. 29. 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