vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.269vavilov-1133Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGХарактеристика вирулентности популяций Рuccinia triticina и перспективы использования генов Lr24, Lr25, LrSp в селекции яровой мягкой пшеницы на Южном УралеCharacteristics of virulence of Puccinia triticina populations and the potential of the Lr24, Lr25, LrSp genes for spring common wheat breeding in the Southern UralТюнинВ. А.TyuninV. A.

Челябинская область, Чебаркульский район, пос. Тимирязевский

Сhelyabinsk Region, Chebarkulsky district, Timiryazevsky

chniisx2@mail.ruШрейдерЕ. Р.ShreyderE. R.

Челябинская область, Чебаркульский район, пос. Тимирязевский

Сhelyabinsk Region, Chebarkulsky district, Timiryazevsky

ГультяеваЕ. И.GultyaevaE. I.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg, Pushkin

ШайдаюкЕ. Л.ShaydayukE. L.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg, Pushkin

Челябинский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйстваРоссияСhelyabinsk Scientific Research Institute of AgricultureRussian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растенийРоссияAll-Russian Institute of Plant ProtectionRussian Federation201730102017215523529Copyright © Тюнин В.А., Шрейдер Е.Р., Гультяева Е.И., Шайдаюк Е.Л., 20172017Тюнин В.А., Шрейдер Е.Р., Гультяева Е.И., Шайдаюк Е.Л.Tyunin V.A., Shreyder E.R., Gultyaeva E.I., Shaydayuk E.L.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1133

Для успешной генетической защиты пшеницы от бурой ржавчины и своевременного выявления патотипов с вирулентностью к используемым генам устойчивости необходим постоянный мониторинг популяций возбудителя. Цель настоящей работы – анализ вирулентности Puccinia triticina в Челябинской области и мониторинг эффективности Lr-генов в полевых условиях для обоснования и стабилизации генетической защиты пшеницы от бурой ржавчины на Южном Урале. Инфекционный материал собран с районированных и перспективных сортов мягкой пшеницы на селекционном участке Челябинского научно-исследовательского института сельского хозяйства (ЧНИИСХ) в 2014–2016 гг. Протестировано 383 монопустульных изолята, из них 180 в 2014 г., 131 – 2015, 72 – 2016 г. Высокой эффективностью характеризовался ген Lr24. Единичный изолят, вирулентный к линии ТсLr19, отмечен в 2014 г. Изоляты, вирулентные к гену Lr9, встречались ежегодно как на сортах-носителях данного гена, так и без него, и все они характеризовались авирулентностью к гену Lr26. С помощью 20 TcLr-линий выявлено 27 фенотипов. Фенотипы TQTTR и TGTTR, авирулентные к линиям ТсLr19, ТсLr24, ТсLr26 и ТсLr9, ТсLr19, ТсLr24, ТсLr26 соответственно, были общими в 2014–2016 гг. Согласно индексу Нея (N), не выявлено существенных различий по вирулентности между образцами челябинских популяций в 2014–2016 гг. Полученные результаты по эффективности Lr-генов в фазе проростков коррелировали с оценками линий Thatcher, образцов селекционного материала и сортов с известными Lr-генами в полевых условиях в селекционных посевах ЧНИИСХ. В селекции пшеницы на Урале перспективны высокоэффективные гены Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr29, Lr37. Использование этих генов и пирамидирование генов, частично утративших эффективность, позволяют расширить генетическое разнообразие новых сортов и стабилизировать состав популяций патогена. В полевых условиях Уральского региона выявлены следующие эффективные сочетания генов: Lr9+Lr19, Lr9+Lr26, Lr9+Lr37, Lr9+Lr10+Lr26 и Lr9+Lr26+Lr37.

Monitoring of pathogen populations is important for successful genetic wheat protection against leaf rust and identification of pathotypes with virulence to the resistance genes used. The aim of this work was analysis of Puccinia triticina populations in the Chelyabinsk region for virulence and studying the effectiveness of Lr-genes at the field for improving and stabilization of genetic protection from wheat leaf rust in the Southern Urals. Infection materials were collected in the experimental field of the Сhelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture from breeding lines, commercial and perspective wheat varieties in 2014–2016. In total, 383 single pustule isolates were studied: 180 in 2014, 131 in 2015, and 72 in 2016. The Lr24 gene was characterized as highly effective. The single isolate virulent to ТсLr19 line was revealed only in 2014. Isolates virulent to the Lr9 gene occurred annually both on the varieties carrying this gene and those without it, and all of them were characterized by avirulence to the Lr26 gene. According to the Nei index (N), no significant differences in virulence were revealed between Chelyabinsk populations in 2014–2016. 27 virulence phenotypes were determined using 20 TcLr-lines. The phenotypes TQTTR and TGTTR avirulent to lines ТсLr19, ТсLr24, ТсLr26 and ТсLr9, ТсLr19, ТсLr24, ТсLr26, respectively, were common in 2014–2016. The results on the effectiveness of Lr-genes at the seedling stage correlated with estimates for Thatcher Lr-lines, breeding materials and varieties with known Lr-genes grown at the field on the breeding nursery of the Сhelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The highly effective genes Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr29, Lr37 and some others were found to have promise for use in wheat breeding in the Ural. The use of these genes and combination of these genes with non-effective ones will allow the genetic diversity of new wheat varieties to be increased and the fungus populations to be stabilized. By now, at the field conditions in the Ural region, the effective combinations of Lr-genes revealed are Lr9+Lr19, Lr9+Lr26, Lr9+Lr37, Lr9+Lr10+Lr26, and Lr9+Lr26+Lr37.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.