vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.270vavilov-1135Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGЭкологическая селекция растений: типы и практикаEcological plant breeding: types and practiceСюковВ. В.SyukovV. V.

Самарская область, пос. Безенчук

Samara region, Bezenchuk

ЗахаровВ. Г.ZakharovV. G.

Ульяновская область, Ульяновский район, пос. Тимирязевский

Ulyanovsk region, Timiryazevskiy

ulniish@mail.ruМенибаевА. И.MenibaevA. I.

Самарская область, пос. Безенчук

Samara region, Bezenchuk

Самарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства им. Н.М. ТулайковаРоссияSamara Research Scientific Institute of Agriculture named after N.M. TulaykovRussian FederationУльяновский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйстваРоссияUlyanovsk Research Scientific Institute of AgricultureRussian Federation201731102017215534536Copyright © Сюков В.В., Захаров В.Г., Менибаев А.И., 20172017Сюков В.В., Захаров В.Г., Менибаев А.И.Syukov V.V., Zakharov V.G., Menibaev A.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1135

В статье изложены основы экологической селекции. Представлены критический анализ определения этого термина и теоретические основы экологической селекции как метода отбора генотип-средовых наследственных факторов. Выделены два основных типа организации экологической селекции: челночная селекция, реализованная в CIMMYT и Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте селекции и семеноводства овощных культур (ВНИИССОК), и сопряженная селекция, разработанная как программы «Экада», «Клевер», «Люцерна» и «Аридные культуры». Подробно изложены методические подходы, применяемые при сопряженной селекции. Показано, что экологическая селекция может быть представлена тремя модулями: формирование искусственного экологического градиента (экологического вектора), собственно отбор генотипов с широкой нормой реакции (отбор на гомеоадаптивность) и организация движения селекционного материала вдоль экологического вектора. На примере программы «Экада» показана практическая реализация экологической селекции по типу «сопряженной селекции». Экологический вектор программы представлен шестью точками, расположенными в исторически сложившихся селекционных центрах Поволжско-Уральского региона, характеризующимися различной степенью выраженности лимитирующих рост и развитие растений факторов среды. Схема организации селекции заключается в параллельном испытании совместного селекционного материала во всех точках экологического вектора и выделении наиболее пластичных линий. При этом, в отличие от «челночной селекции», вдоль экологического градиента перемещаются не генотипы, а информация. Результатом работы творческого коллектива «Экада» стало создание серии сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы (Экада 6, Экада 70, Экада 66, Экада 109, Экада 113), рекомендованных для использования в сельскохозяйственном производстве.

The article describes the theoretical basis of ecological breeding. A critical analysis of the definition of this term and the theoretical foundations of ecological breeding, as a method of selection of genotype-environmental hereditary factors are presented. Two main types of the organization of ecological breeding are in focus: shuttle breeding actualized in CIMMYT and the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (VNIISSOK), and conjugate breeding developed under such programs as “Ekada”, “Clover”, “Lucerne” and “Arid cultures”. The methodological approaches used in conjugate breeding are described in details. It is illustrated that ecological breeding can be represented by three modules: the formation of an artificial ecological gradient (ecological vector), the actual selection of genotypes with a wide norm of reaction (selection for homeoadaptability) and the organization of movement of the breeding material along the ecological vector. The practical implementation of ecological selection of the “conjugate selection” type was shown with the “Ekada” program as an example. The ecological vector of the program consists of six points arranged in historical breeding centers of the Volga-Ural region characterized by varying strength of factors that limit the growth and development of plants. The organizational scheme of selection lies in parallel testing pooled breeding material at all points of the ecological vector and isolating the most compliant lines. In this case, information, not genotypes, is what is transferred along the ecological gradient, in contrast to “shuttle selection”. The result of the work of the creative team “Ekada” was the development of series of spring wheat strains (e.g. Ekada 6, Ekada 70, Ekada 66, Ekada 109, Ekada 113), which were recommended for use in agricultural production.

экологическая селекциягенотип-средовые взаимодействияяровая пшеницачелночная селекциясопряженная селекцияecological selectiongenotype-environmental interactionsspring wheatshuttle breedingconjugate breedingReferencesBorlaug N.E. Wheat breeding and its impact on world food supply. Proc. 3rd Int. Wheat Genetic Symp. Canberra, Australia. 1968;1-36.Borlaug N.E. Wheat breeding and its impact on world food supply. Proc. 3rd Int. Wheat Genetic Symp. Canberra, Australia. 1968;1-36.Börner A., Schumann E., Fürste A., Costel H., Leithold B., Roder M.S., Weber W.E. Mapping of quantitative trait loci determining agronomic important characters in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 2002;105:921-936.Börner A., Schumann E., Fürste A., Costel H., Leithold B., Roder M.S., Weber W.E. Mapping of quantitative trait loci determining agronomic important characters in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 2002;105:921-936.Chesnokov Y.V., Pochepnya N.V., Berner A., Lovasser U., Goncharova E.A., Dragavcev V.A. Ecogenetic organization of quantitative traits of plants and mapping of loci determining agronomically important traits of soft wheat. Doklady RAN = Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2008;418(5):693-696. (in Russian)Chesnokov Y.V., Pochepnya N.V., Berner A., Lovasser U., Goncharova E.A., Dragavcev V.A. Ecogenetic organization of quantitative traits of plants and mapping of loci determining agronomically important traits of soft wheat. Doklady RAN = Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2008;418(5):693-696. (in Russian)Chesnokov Y.V., Pochepnya N.V., Kozlenko L.V., Sitnikov M.N., MitrofanovaO.P., Syukov V.V., Kochetkov D.V., Lovasser U., Berner A. Mapping of QTLs determining the expression of agronomically and economically valuable features in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in environmentally different Russia regions. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2012;16(4/2):970-986. (in Russian)Chesnokov Y.V., Pochepnya N.V., Kozlenko L.V., Sitnikov M.N., MitrofanovaO.P., Syukov V.V., Kochetkov D.V., Lovasser U., Berner A. Mapping of QTLs determining the expression of agronomically and economically valuable features in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in environmentally different Russia regions. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2012;16(4/2):970-986. (in Russian)Jiang Z., Zhang B., Teng W., Han Y., Zhao X., Sun D., Zhang Z., Li W. Impact of epistasis and QTL×environmental interaction on the oil filling rate of soybean seed at different developmental stages. Euphytica. 2011;177(3):431-442.Jiang Z., Zhang B., Teng W., Han Y., Zhao X., Sun D., Zhang Z., Li W. Impact of epistasis and QTL×environmental interaction on the oil filling rate of soybean seed at different developmental stages. Euphytica. 2011;177(3):431-442.Kilchevsky A.V., Khotyleva L.V. Ekologicheskaya selektsiya rasteniy [Ecological Plant Breeding]. Minsk: Tekhnalogiya Publ., 1997. (in Belarus)Kilchevsky A.V., Khotyleva L.V. Ekologicheskaya selektsiya rasteniy [Ecological Plant Breeding]. Minsk: Tekhnalogiya Publ., 1997. (in Belarus)Korzun O.S., Bruylo A.S. Adaptivnye osobennosti selektsii i semenovodstva selskokhozyaystvennykh rasteniy [Adaptive Features of Crop Breeding and Seed Production]. Grodno: GGAU Publ., 2011. (in Belarus)Korzun O.S., Bruylo A.S. Adaptivnye osobennosti selektsii i semenovodstva selskokhozyaystvennykh rasteniy [Adaptive Features of Crop Breeding and Seed Production]. Grodno: GGAU Publ., 2011. (in Belarus)Paterson A.H., Damon S., Hewitt J.D. Mendelian factors ungerlying quantitative traits in tomato: Comparison across species, generations, and environments. Genetics. 1991;127:181-197.Paterson A.H., Damon S., Hewitt J.D. Mendelian factors ungerlying quantitative traits in tomato: Comparison across species, generations, and environments. Genetics. 1991;127:181-197.Pivovarov V.F., Dobrutskaya E.G., Balashova N.N. Ekologicheskaya selektsiya rasteniy (na primere ovoshchnykh kultur) [Ecological Plant Breeding by the Example of Vegetable Crops]. Moscow, 1994. (in Russian)Pivovarov V.F., Dobrutskaya E.G., Balashova N.N. Ekologicheskaya selektsiya rasteniy (na primere ovoshchnykh kultur) [Ecological Plant Breeding by the Example of Vegetable Crops]. Moscow, 1994. (in Russian)Rajaram S., Borlaug N.E., van Ginkel M. CIMMYT International wheat breeding. Bread Wheat – Improvement and Production. Plant Production and Protection Series. FAO Rome. 2002;30:103-117.Rajaram S., Borlaug N.E., van Ginkel M. CIMMYT International wheat breeding. Bread Wheat – Improvement and Production. Plant Production and Protection Series. FAO Rome. 2002;30:103-117.Rajaram S., Skovmand B., Curtus B.C. Philosophy and methodology of an international wheat breeding program. Gene manipulation in plant breeding. N. Y.; London, 1984;33-60.Rajaram S., Skovmand B., Curtus B.C. Philosophy and methodology of an international wheat breeding program. Gene manipulation in plant breeding. N. Y.; London, 1984;33-60.Rajaram S., van Ginkel M. Mexico, 50 years of international wheat breeding. The World Wheat Book. A History of Wheat Breeding. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing, 2001;579-608.Rajaram S., van Ginkel M. Mexico, 50 years of international wheat breeding. The World Wheat Book. A History of Wheat Breeding. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing, 2001;579-608.Shamanin V.P., Morgunov A.I., Manes J., Zelenskiy Y.I., Chursin A.S., Levshunov M.A., Pototskaya I.V., Likhnenko I.E., Manko T.A., Karakoz I.I., Tabachenko A.V., Petukhovsky S.L. Breeding and genetic estimation of spring bread wheat populations of the Siberian shuttle breeding nursery of SIMMYT. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2012;16(1):21-32. (in Russian)Shamanin V.P., Morgunov A.I., Manes J., Zelenskiy Y.I., Chursin A.S., Levshunov M.A., Pototskaya I.V., Likhnenko I.E., Manko T.A., Karakoz I.I., Tabachenko A.V., Petukhovsky S.L. Breeding and genetic estimation of spring bread wheat populations of the Siberian shuttle breeding nursery of SIMMYT. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2012;16(1):21-32. (in Russian)Shamsutdinov Z.S. Forage crop breeding: achievements and tasks. Selskokhozyaystvennaya Biologiya = Agricultural Biology. 2014;6:36-45. (in Russian)Shamsutdinov Z.S. Forage crop breeding: achievements and tasks. Selskokhozyaystvennaya Biologiya = Agricultural Biology. 2014;6:36-45. (in Russian)Shevelukha V.S. Evolution of agrotechnologies and strategy of adaptive plant breeding. Vestnik RASKhN = Herald of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 1993;4:16-21. (in Russian)Shevelukha V.S. Evolution of agrotechnologies and strategy of adaptive plant breeding. Vestnik RASKhN = Herald of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 1993;4:16-21. (in Russian)Stuber C.W., Lincoln S.E., Wolff D.W. Identification of genetic factors contributing to heterosis in a hybrid from two elite maize inbred lines using molecular markers. Genetics. 1992;132:823-839.Stuber C.W., Lincoln S.E., Wolff D.W. Identification of genetic factors contributing to heterosis in a hybrid from two elite maize inbred lines using molecular markers. Genetics. 1992;132:823-839.Syukov V.V., Kochetkov D.V., Kocherina N.V., Chesnokov Y.V., Berner A., Lovasser U. Detection of loci determining quantitative traits of summer wheat in the Middle Volga region. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosagrouniversiteta im. N.I. Vavilova = Herald of Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University. 2012;12:91-94. (in Russian)Syukov V.V., Kochetkov D.V., Kocherina N.V., Chesnokov Y.V., Berner A., Lovasser U. Detection of loci determining quantitative traits of summer wheat in the Middle Volga region. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosagrouniversiteta im. N.I. Vavilova = Herald of Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University. 2012;12:91-94. (in Russian)Syukov V.V., Madyakin E.V., Kochetkov D.V. The contribution of genotypeenvironmental effects to the formation of quantitative traits in inbred and outbred plants. Informatsionnyy Vestnik VOGiS = The Herald of Vavilov Society for Geneticists and Breeders. 2010;14(1):141-147. (in Russian)Syukov V.V., Madyakin E.V., Kochetkov D.V. The contribution of genotypeenvironmental effects to the formation of quantitative traits in inbred and outbred plants. Informatsionnyy Vestnik VOGiS = The Herald of Vavilov Society for Geneticists and Breeders. 2010;14(1):141-147. (in Russian)Syukov V.V., Zakharov V.G., Vasilova N.Z., Krivobochek V.G., Nikonov V.I., Ganeev V.A. Metodika vyyavleniya epigeneticheskoy ekspressii poligenov vdol ekologicheskogo vektora na primere yarovoy myagkoy pshenitsy [Methods of Identification of Epigenetic Expression of Polygenes along the Ecological Vector by the Example of Spring Soft Wheat]. Samara: SamNTc RAN Publ., 2013. (in Russian)Syukov V.V., Zakharov V.G., Vasilova N.Z., Krivobochek V.G., Nikonov V.I., Ganeev V.A. Metodika vyyavleniya epigeneticheskoy ekspressii poligenov vdol ekologicheskogo vektora na primere yarovoy myagkoy pshenitsy [Methods of Identification of Epigenetic Expression of Polygenes along the Ecological Vector by the Example of Spring Soft Wheat]. Samara: SamNTc RAN Publ., 2013. (in Russian)Ungerer M.C., Halldorsdottir S.S., Purugganon M.D., Mackay T.F. Genotypeenvironmental interactions at quantitative trait loci affecting inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics. 2003;165:353-365.Ungerer M.C., Halldorsdottir S.S., Purugganon M.D., Mackay T.F. Genotypeenvironmental interactions at quantitative trait loci affecting inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics. 2003;165:353-365.Zakharov V.G., Syukov V.V., Krivobochek V.G., Kochetkov D.V., Nikonov V.I., Vasilova N.Z., Ganeev V.A. Laws of the formation of a summer soft wheat phenotype for quantitative traits. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosagrouniversiteta im. N.I. Vavilova = Herald of Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University. 2012;10:41-42. (in Russian)Zakharov V.G., Syukov V.V., Krivobochek V.G., Kochetkov D.V., Nikonov V.I., Vasilova N.Z., Ganeev V.A. Laws of the formation of a summer soft wheat phenotype for quantitative traits. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosagrouniversiteta im. N.I. Vavilova = Herald of Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University. 2012;10:41-42. (in Russian)Zhuchenko A.A. Adaptivnaya sistema selektsii rasteniy (ekologo-geneticheskie osnovy) [The Adaptive System of Plant Breeding: Ecogenetic Basics]. Moscow: RUDN Publ., 2001. (in Russian)Zhuchenko A.A. Adaptivnaya sistema selektsii rasteniy (ekologo-geneticheskie osnovy) [The Adaptive System of Plant Breeding: Ecogenetic Basics]. Moscow: RUDN Publ., 2001. (in Russian)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.