vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.271vavilov-1137Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGКомбинационная способность сортов ячменя ярового в системе прямых диаллельных скрещиванийCombining ability of spring barley varieties in the direct diallel cross systemКомпанецЕ. В.KompanetsE. V.

Харьков

Kharkiv

kompanets.k@mail.ruКозаченкоМ. Р.KozachenkoM. R.

Харьков

Kharkiv

ВаськоН. И.VaskoN. I.

Харьков

Kharkiv

НаумовА. Г.NaumovA. G.

Харьков

Kharkiv

СолонечныйП. Н.SolonechniyP. N.

Харьков

Kharkiv

СвятченкоС. И.SviatchenkoS. I.

Харьков

Kharkiv

Институт растениеводства им. В.Я. Юрьева Национальной академии аграрных наук УкраиныУкраинаPlant Production Institute nd. a. V.Ya. Yuriev of NAASUkraine201731102017215537544Copyright © Компанец Е.В., Козаченко М.Р., Васько Н.И., Наумов А.Г., Солонечный П.Н., Святченко С.И., 20172017Компанец Е.В., Козаченко М.Р., Васько Н.И., Наумов А.Г., Солонечный П.Н., Святченко С.И.Kompanets E.V., Kozachenko M.R., Vasko N.I., Naumov A.G., Solonechniy P.N., Sviatchenko S.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1137

Для эффективной комбинационной селекции необходимо знать комбинационную способность исходного материала. Целью исследований было определение особенностей общей (ОКС) и специфической (СКС) комбинационной способности и соотношение варианс остистых и безостых сортов ячменя ярового. Исследование проведено в 2014–2015 гг. В скрещиваниях по прямой диаллельной схеме использованы сорта ячменя ярового и их родительские формы. В F1 установлены особенности комбинационной способности остистых и безостых сортов ячменя ярового и их родительских форм. Выделены сорта с высокими эффектами ОКС по признакам: продуктивность растения – сорт Бадёрый; число зерен в колосе – Джерело, Бадёрый, Витраж и Малёвнычий; масса 1000 зерен – Джерело, Бадёрый, Этикет, Гранал, Модерн, Витраж и Tolar; длина колоса – Джерело, Гранал и Витраж; число колосков в колосе – Джерело и Малёвнычий; высота растения – Джерело, Бадёрый и Гранал; продуктивная кустистость – Звершення и Бадёрый; общая кустистость – Звершення и Бадёрый; масса соломы – Бадёрый. Данные сорта имели наибольшее число генов, которые положительно определяют указанные признаки. Уровень комбинационной способности родительских компонентов скрещивания может по-разному проявляться у сортов, созданных на основе их гибридизации. Установлено превышение значений варианс ОКС над значениями варианс СКС за 2014–2015 гг. в сорте Звершення по признаку масса 1000 зерен (4.20 и 4.03 по ОКС и 3.78 и 3.84 по СКС соответственно), что указывает на детерминацию этого признака в основном аддитивными эффектами генов. Определены высокие и низкие эффекты СКС по признакам продуктивность (масса зерна) растения и ее структурные элементы (продуктивная кустистость, число зерен в колосе, масса 1000 зерен). Больше всего высоких эффектов СКС отмечено по признаку масса 1000 зерен.

It is necessary to know the combining ability of starting material for effective breeding to create varieties. The research aim was to determine the peculiarities of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) and the ratio of their variances for awned and awnless varieties and their parental forms in F1. The study was conducted in 2014–2015. Spring barley varieties and their parental forms were used in direct diallel crosses. In 2014–2015, peculiarities of the combining ability of awned and awnless spring barley varieties and their parental forms were determined in F1. We highlighted varieties with strong GCA effects: ‘Badioryy’ for plant productivity; ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Badioryy’, ‘Vitrazh’ and ‘Maliovnychyy’ for grain number per spike; ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Badioryy’, ‘Etiket’, ‘Granal’, ‘Modern’, ‘Vitrazh’, and ‘Tolar’ for 1000-grain weight; ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Granal’, and ‘Vitrazh’ for spike length; ‘Dzherelo’ and ‘Maliovnychyy’ for spikelet number per spike; ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Badioryy’ and ‘Granal’ for plant height; ‘Zvershennya’ and ‘Badioryy’ for productive tillering; ‘Zvershennya’ and ‘Badioryy’ for total tillering; and ‘Badioryy’ for straw weight. These varieties had the largest numbers of genes that positively determine these traits. The level of combining ability of parental forms may be manifested differently in varieties created via hybridization of them. GCA variances exceeded SCA variances in ‘Zvershennya’ in 2014–2015 for the trait “1000-grain weight” (GCA – 4.20 and 4.03, respectively; SCA – 3.78 and 3.84, respectively), therefore, it is determined mainly by additive gene effects. Strong and weak SCA effects were observed for plant productivity (grain weight) and its structural components (productive tillering, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight). Strong SCA effects were the most numerous for the trait “1000-grain weight.”

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.