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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ17.276</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1178</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические ресурсы винограда института «Магарач». Проблемы и перспективы сохранения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems and prospects of grapevine genetic resources preservation at “Magarach” Institute</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полулях</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polulyakh</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волынкин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volynkin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиховской</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhovsko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский национальный научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия «Магарач» Российской академии наук,&#13;
Ялта<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking&#13;
“Magarach” RAS, Yalta<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>608</fpage><lpage>616</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полулях А.А., Волынкин В.А., Лиховской В.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полулях А.А., Волынкин В.А., Лиховской В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polulyakh A.A., Volynkin V.A., Likhovsko V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1178">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1178</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема сбора, сохранения и стабильного использования генетических ресурсов винограда важна для современной науки, успешного развития промышленного виноградарства, современных людей и будущих поколений. Генетические ресурсы винограда института «Магарач» сосредоточены в ампелографической коллекции, одной из старейших и крупнейших мировых коллекций винограда, которая содержит 4120 образцов, в том числе 763 образца специальной селекционной коллекции и 3357 образцов базовой коллекции винограда. Ботаническое разнообразие базовой кол- лекции представлено тремя видами рода Ampelopsis Michaux, двумя видами рода Parthenocissus Planch., 22 видами рода Vitis Linn., 612 сортами межвидового происхождения, 2162 сортами Vitis vinifera sativa D.C. и т.д. Специфика сохранения полевой коллекции винограда – культуры, которая размножается вегетативно, зависит от следующих обстоятельств: привитой культуры, многолетнего характера насаждений, генетического разнообразия образцов, которые обладают различной устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим факторам среды, и условий возделывания. Для успешной закладки и сохранения коллекции в будущем, необходимо привлечение принципиально новой технологии возделывания коллекции и применение методик выращивания оздоровленного посадочного материала. Кроме традиционного способа сохранения генетических ресурсов винограда в полевой коллекции, разработан метод хранения коллекционного генофонда винограда in vitro в условиях минимального роста. В институте «Магарач» в культуре in vitro сформирована вегетирующая коллекция 40 сортов, гибридов и клонов винограда. Эффективным путем решения проблемы сохранения генофонда мог бы служить метод криоконсервации, который является основным способом сохранения генетического материала некоторых плодовых и ягодных культур. Однако в настоящее время метод криоконсервации виноградной лозы, учитывая трудности преодоления криоповреждений биологического материала винограда в условиях сверхнизких температур, остается наиболее сложным, и риск потери коллекции довольно высокий. На сегодняшний день основной метод сохранения генетических ресурсов винограда – это полевая коллекция. Формирование коллекций винограда в культуре in vitro рассматривается как дополнение к основному методу. В дальнейшем остается целесообразным развитие методов хранения растительного материала винограда в условия сверхнизких температур – как технологии будущего.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Collection, preservation and effective use of grapevine genetic resources is vital for the development of ampelography as a subdiscipline of botany, for the successful development of industrial viticulture for contemporaries and future generations. The grapevine genetic resources of the Institute “Magarach” constitute one of the world’s oldest and richest ampelographic collections containing 4120 samples, of which 763 make a special selected collection and 3357 are in the base collection. The botanical diversity of the base collection is represented by three species of the genus Ampelopsis Michaux, two species of the genus Parthenocissus Planch., 22 species of the genus Vitis Linn., 612 varieties of interspecific origin, 2162 varieties of Vitis vinifera sativa D.C. and others. The specificity of preserving the field collection of grapevines – a culture that reproduces vegetatively – depends on the following factors: graft culture, perennial nature of the plants, genetic diversity of samples, which vary as to their resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, and cultivation conditions. The successful establishment and conservation of future collections require fundamentally new cultivation techniques and application of cultivation methods involving revitalized grape planting stock. To supplement the traditional method of grapevine genetic resources conservation in the field collection, we have developed a method of preserving the gene pool collection in vitro under the minimal growth conditions. At the institute “Magarach” we have formed a vegetative collection of 40 grapevine varieties, hybrids and clones in vitro, and this work is under way. An effective way to solve the problem of gene pool preservation is cryopreservation, which is the main way of preserving genetic material of some crops. At present, the method of cryopreservation of the vine, considering the difficulties of overcoming the cryogenic damages of the biological material of grapes at ultra-low temperatures, remains the most difficult and chances of losing the collection are quite high. Thus, at present field collection is the main method of grape genetic resources conservation. Formation of in vitro grapevine collections method is considered a subsidiary one. In the future, it is expedient to develop methods for storing the plant material of grapes at ultra-low temperatures as a future technology.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетические ресурсы винограда</kwd><kwd>ампелографическая коллекция</kwd><kwd>коллекция винограда in vitro</kwd><kwd>криосохранение винограда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>grapevine genetic resources</kwd><kwd>ampelographic collection</kwd><kwd>in vitro grapevine collection</kwd><kwd>cryopreservation of grapes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ampelograﬁcheskaya kollektsiya “Magarachˮ [Ampelographic collection “Magarach”]. URL: http://www.ckp-rf.ru (accessed May 3, 2017). (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ampelograﬁcheskaya kollektsiya “Magarachˮ [Ampelographic collection “Magarach”]. 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