vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.282vavilov-1184Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGКомбинационная способность ЦМС-линий зернового сорго на основе А1, А2, А3, А4, 9Е и М-35-1А типов цитоплазматической мужской стерильностиCombining ability of CMS-lines of grain sorghum based on A1, A2, A3, A4, 9E and M-35-1A types of сytoplasmic male sterilityКибальникО. П.KibalnikO. P.kibalnik79@yandex.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научно-исследовательский и проектно-технологический институт сорго и кукурузы» «Россорго», СаратовРоссияRussian Research and Project-Technologic Institute for Sorghum and Maize “Rossorgo”, SaratovRussian Federation201728112017216651656Copyright © Кибальник О.П., 20172017Кибальник О.П.Kibalnik O.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1184

Цитоплазматическая мужская стерильность (ЦМС) широко применяется в гетерозисной селекции сельскохозяйственных культур, в том числе сорго. В селекционной работе РосНИИСК «Россорго» используется скороспелый и адаптированный к условиям возделывания в Нижнем Поволжье исходный материал – коллекция ЦМС-линий на основе разных типов стерильных цитоплазм (А1, А2, А3, А4, 9Е и М-35-1А) и сортов зернового сорго. Для создания высокогетерозисных гибридов необходимо выявить родительские формы с высокой комбинационной способностью. Гибриды получены на основе восьми ЦМС-линий: А1 О-Янг 1, А2 КВВ 114, А2 Восторг, А2 Тамара, А3 Фетерита 14, А4 КП 70, М-35-1А Пищевое 614, 9Е Пищевое 614. В качестве опылителей (тестеров) в скрещивания включены семь сортов: Меркурий, Огонек, Аванс, Топаз, Волжское 615, Пищевое 35, Волжское 4. Испытания проведены на опытном поле РосНИИСК «Россорго» в 2015–2016 гг. Метеорологические условия в период проведения исследований различались по количеству осадков и сумме активных температур. Комбинационную способность (КС) исходного материала определяли по методу топкросса. Установлено, что у сорго проявление признаков (высота растений, параметры соцветий, масса зерна с одной метелки и 1000 зерен, урожайность) контролируют гены с аддитивным эффектом. Для дальнейшей селекции на гетерозис выделены ЦМС-линии (А1 О-Янг 1, А3 Фетерита 14 и А4 КП 70), у которых высокие эффекты общей комбинационной способности по основным селекционным признакам отличаются стабильностью по годам. Высокой КС также характеризуются сорта Волжское 4 (по высоте растений, массе зерна с одной метелки и урожайности), Аванс и Топаз (по массе 1000 зерен и урожайности). Для конкурсного сортоиспытания выявлены перспективные гибриды F1 сорго с высокими эффектами специфической комбинационной способности по урожайности и массе 1000 зерен. Предложены гибриды для создания синтетических сортов-популяций.

 

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is widely used in heterosis breeding of crops, including sorghum. In breeding work, “Rossorgo” uses early maturing source material adapted to the conditions of cultivation in the Lower Volga region, a collection CMS-lines with different types of sterile cytoplasm (A1, A2, A3, A4, 9E, M-35-1A) and varieties of grain sorghum. To create heterosis hybrids, it is required to identify the parental form with a high combining ability. Hybrids were derived from CMS-lines: A1 O-Yang 1, A2 KVV 114, A2 Vostorg, A2 Tamara, A3 Feterita 14, A4 KP 70, M-35-1A and 9E Pischevoe 614. The pollinators (testers) to crossing included varieties of grain sorghum: Mercury, Ogonek, Avans, Topaz, Volzhskoe 615, Pischevoe 35, Volzhskoe 4. The tests were conducted on the experimental field of “Rossorgo” in 2015–2016. Meteorological conditions during the studies differed in the amount of precipitation and the sum of active temperatures. Combining ability (CA) of the starting material was determined by the method of topcross. It was found that the manifestation of traits (plant height, parameters of the panicle, the weight of grains in one panicle and 1000 grains, yield) in sorghum is controlled by genes with additive effect. For further breeding for heterosis, CMS-lines (A1 O-Yang 1, A3 Feterita 14 and A4 KP 70) were selected with strong high effects of GCA on the main breeding grounds stable for years. High CA also characterized varieties Volzhskoe 4 (height of plant, weight of grains in one panicle and yield), Avans and Topaz (mass of 1000 grains and yield). For competitive variety trials, promising F1 hybrids of sorghum with high SCA effects for yield and weight of 1000 grains were identified. Hybrids to create synthetic varieties-populations were proposed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.