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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-120</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ, ВОЗНИКАЮЩИЕ В ОРГАНИЗМЕ МЫШЕЙ, ОБРАБОТАННЫХ СОЧЕТАНИЕМ ЦИКЛОФОСФАНА И ЭКЗОГЕННОЙ ДНК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MICE TREATED WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AND EXOGENOUS DNA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николин</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolin</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проскурина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Proskurina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орищенко</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orishchenko</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алямкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alyamkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремов</surname><given-names>Я. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremov</surname><given-names>Ya. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байбородин</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baiborodin</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostanin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богачев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogachev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвоздева</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdeva</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малкова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогачев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogachev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbi@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загребельный</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagrebelnyi</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шурдов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurdov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное научное учреждение НИИ фундаментальной и  клинической иммунологии  (НИИФКИ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Clinical Immunology SB RAMS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет,ГБОУ ВПО НГМУ Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор», р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">WellsStar College of Health &amp; Human Services, Kennesaw State University Kennesaw,&#13;
Georgia, USA<country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">WellsStar College of Health &amp; Human Services,&#13;
Kennesaw State University Kennesaw, Georgia, USA<country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет" (НГУ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Панаген», Горно-Алтайск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">ООО Panagen, Gorno-Altaysk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>146</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Долгова Е.В., Николин В.П., Попова Н.А., Проскурина А.С., Орищенко К.Е., Алямкина Е.А., Ефремов Я.Р., Байбородин С.И., Черных Е.Р., Останин А.А., Богачев С.С., Гвоздева Т.С., Малкова Е.М., Таранов О.С., Рогачев В.А., Панов А.В., Загребельный С.Н., Шурдов М.А., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долгова Е.В., Николин В.П., Попова Н.А., Проскурина А.С., Орищенко К.Е., Алямкина Е.А., Ефремов Я.Р., Байбородин С.И., Черных Е.Р., Останин А.А., Богачев С.С., Гвоздева Т.С., Малкова Е.М., Таранов О.С., Рогачев В.А., Панов А.В., Загребельный С.Н., Шурдов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolgova E.V., Nikolin V.P., Popova N.A., Proskurina A.S., Orishchenko K.E., Alyamkina E.A., Efremov Y.R., Baiborodin S.I., Chernykh E.R., Ostanin A.A., Bogachev S.S., Gvozdeva T.S., Malkova E.M., Taranov O.S., Rogachev V.A., Panov A.S., Zagrebelnyi S.N., Shurdov M.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/120">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/120</self-uri><abstract><p>Синергичное действие цитостатика циклофосфана (ЦФ) и фрагментированной ДНК приводит к болезни и гибели экспериментальных мышей (Долгова и др., 2011–013). Обнаруженный эффект «отсроченной смерти» наиболее ярко проявляется при введении ДНК в период 18–0 ч после инъекции ЦФ (промежуток времени, обозначенный как «окно смерти»).</p><p>В настоящем исследовании установлено, что обработка экзогенной ДНК приводит к непрерывному апоптозу клеток костного мозга (ККМ), протекающему в ходе всего времени введения препарата ДНК (18–0 ч). При этом экзогенная ДНК, как аллогенная, так и принадлежащая к различным таксономическим группам, приводит к апоптозу ККМ. Наиболее сильно апоптоз индуцирует ДНК плазмиды.</p><p>Анализ динамики гибели и восстановления популяций ККМ животных, находящихся в агонистической фазе развития заболевания, свидетельствует о том, что при общей нормализации количества гематопоэтических прогениторных клеток (CD34+) к 15-му дню после инъекции ЦФ количество популяции ККМ размером 12–0 мкм до конца наблюдения (агонистическая фаза заболевания последней отвечающей мышки) сохраняется на минимальной отметке (3– % против 35–0 % в контроле). При этом количество клеток указанной популяции ККМ соответствует времени максимальной лейкопении, индуцированной цитостатиком и наблюдающейся на 3–-е сут. после инъекции ЦФ. Сравнительный анализ мазков ККМ обеих групп животных предполагает, что в популяции ККМ, выделенных из мышей группы ЦФ+ДНК, отсутствуют молодые формы клеток, формирующих лимфоцитарный росток крови. При этом в мазках периферической крови выявляются бластные формы незрелых предшественников.</p><p>Проведенное патоморфологическое исследование показывает, что в сроки эксперимента начиная с 9-х сут. и позднее у мышей, подвергавшихся воздействию ЦФ в сочетании с экзогенной ДНК, происходят выраженные изменения морфологии легких, печени, поджелудочной железы, органов иммунокомпетентной системы и головного мозга. Характер выявленных патологических изменений указывает на преобладание воспалительных реакций в легких, печени, поджелудочной железе и тканях головного мозга. Подтверждением этому служат структурные эквиваленты функционального истощения лимфоидных органов (тимус, селезенка, лимфатические узлы).</p><p>Предположительной причиной гибели животных является полиорганная достаточность, вызванная акцидентальной инволюцией периферийных лимфоидных органов на фоне системного воспаления. Оба процесса связаны с инъекциями фрагментированной экзогенной ДНК в организм экспериментальных животных в «окно смерти», представляющее собой промежуток времени репарации двуцепочечных разрывов, индуцированных ЦФ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The synergic action of the cytostatic drug cyclophosphamide (CP) and fragmented exogenous DNA causes illness and death in mice (Dolgova et al., 2011–2013). The observed «delayed death» effect was most clearly pronounced when the DNA preparation was administered 18 to 30 hours after CP treatment. This time span is designated as «death window».</p><p>It was found that injections of exogenous DNA result in sustained increase in bone marrow cell (BMC) apoptosis, which occurs throughout the time of DNA administration (18–30 hours). Exogenous DNA, both allogeneic and belonging to various taxa induces BMCs apoptosis. Plasmid DNA has the greatest effect on apoptosis induction.</p><p>The analysis of reduction and restoration of BMC subpopulations as the mice progressed to death revealed a virtually complete loss of the 12–20-mkm fraction of the cell population (about 3–4 % vs. 35–40 % in the control), which corresponds to the maximum leukopenia on day 3 after CP treatment. However, the relative amount of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from day 15 and till the end of the observation constituted 1,2–1,4 %, which corresponds to the wild-type range. Comparison of BMC smears from the sternal bone marrow of the CP and CP+DNA groups of mice indicates that the BMC populations isolated from CP+DNA animals lack young committed lymphopoiesis progenitor cells. Moreover, the affected mice had immature blast cell types in their blood, which was never observed in healthy or CP-treated mice. Pathological and morphological analyses show that starting from posttreatment day 9, mice that received CP+DNA preparations displayed pronounced morphological changes in their lungs, liver, pancreas, central and peripheral immune system organs, and brain. Most of the pathological changes observed are consistent with severe inflammatory response. This suggestion is proven by structural equivalents of functional involution of lymphoid organs, such as thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes.</p><p>We speculate that the death of treated animals resulted from multiple organ dysfunctions caused by accidental involution of lymphoid organs and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, both associated with injections of fragmented exogenous DNA into experimental animals within the «death window», which corresponds to the final step in the repair of the majority of CP-induced double-strand breaks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>циклофосфан</kwd><kwd>экзогенная ДНК</kwd><kwd>клетки костного мозга</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>системное воспаление</kwd><kwd>акцидентальная инволюция лимфоидных органов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cyclophosphamide</kwd><kwd>exogenous DNA</kwd><kwd>bone marrow cells</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>systemic inflammation</kwd><kwd>accidental involution of lymphoid organs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьева Ю.И., Кузнецова С.Л., Юрина Н.А. 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