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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ17.291</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНОМИКА И ГЕННАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENOMICS AND GENE ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Манипуляции с ранними эмбрионами мыши для создания генетически модифицированных животных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Manipulations with early mouse embryos for generation of genetically modified animals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кораблев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korablev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korablev@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> медицинский факультет, сектор трансгенных животных.</p><p>Мюнстер.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Faculty of Medicine, Transgenic animal and genetic engineering Models (TRAM).</p><p>Muenster.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Вестфальский университет имени Вильгельма.<country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Muenster.<country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>758</fpage><lpage>763</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кораблев А.Н., Серова И.А., Скрябин Б.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кораблев А.Н., Серова И.А., Скрябин Б.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korablev A.N., Serova I.A., Skryabin B.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1221">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1221</self-uri><abstract><p>За последнее время технологии редактирования генома стали более эффективными и доступными. Открытие нуклеаз для направленного редактирования геномов (CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, ZFNs) значительно ускорило и упростило получение мышей с адресными направленными изменениями в геноме. В настоящее время наиболее популярной системой является CRISPR/Cas9 благодаря своей простоте и высокой эффективности. Технологию CRISPR/ Cas9 эффективно используют для «нокаутирования» генов, получения масштабных делеций или направленных инсерций в целевых участках генома на эмбриональных стволовых клетках (ЭСК). Такие генетически модифицированные ЭСК после инъекции их в полость бластоцист способны генерировать развитие и рождение химерных животных, у которых часть гамет имеет идентичный генотип ЭСК. Таким образом, среди потомства химерных животных рождаются мыши с модифицированными геномами. Недавно технология CRISPR/Cas9 была успешно применена на зиготах, что существенно сократило время получения животных с необходимыми генетическими модификациями. Несмотря на то что современные технологии редактирования генома упрощают получение генно-модифицированных животных, данная технология остается сложной в воспроизведении и имеет множество тонкостей из-за методов и техник работы с ранними эмбрионами. Вследствие этого для исследователя, работающего в области получения генномодифицированных животных, важно использование современных технологий и совершенное владение эмбриологическими техниками. В настоящей статье описаны протоколы микроинъекции в пронуклеус или цитоплазму зигот, подготовка растворов для микроинъекции, а также методы инъекции ЭСК в полость бластоцисты. Помимо этого, приведены протоколы для работы с мышами, а именно: суперовуляция и подготовка гормонов, получение эмбрионов на ранних стадиях (зиготы и бластоцисты), подготовка вазектомированных самцов и суррогатных матерей, трансплантация эмбрионов в яйцевод или матку. Отдельно приводится сборка и необходимые составляющие наркозного аппарата для изофлуранового наркоза и проведение общей анастезии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Recently, genome-editing technologies have  become more efficient and accessible. The discovery of nucleases for directional genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, ZFNs) significantly accelerated and simplified the production of mice with targeted gene editing in the genome. Until last time, the CRISPR/Cas9 system noticeably simplified the preparation of knockout or transgenic mice. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was successfully applied for gene knockout and knock-in, generation of large deletions or directed insertions in targeted genome regions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs).When injected into blastocysts, such  modified ESCs are able to generate chimeras producing gametes with an identical genotype with ESC. Thus, it can identify animals with modified genomes. More recently, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was successfully applied to mouse zygotes and the birth of genetic modified mice was observed, i. e., the time required for generating genome-modified animals decreased significantly. The CRISPR/Cas9 system allows making gene knockout, large deletions or directed insertions into the target region of the genome by cytoplasm or pronuclear microinjection into zygotes. In addition, this is faster and simpler than similar work with mouse ESCs. Meanwhile, methods of manipulation with early embryos and their transplantation to surrogate mothers may be somewhat tricky. Therefore, it is important to use modern technologies for directional genome editing and perfect mastery in the embryological technics. In this article, we describe the protocols of microinjection into the pronucleus or cytoplasm of zygotes and injection of embryonic stem cells into the blastocyst cavity. We also describe embryological methods, such as superovulation, preparation of early stage  embryos,  surgical operation, production of foster mice. In addition, we describe the assembly and necessary components for the isoflurane anesthetic apparatus and isoflurane anesthesia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансгенез</kwd><kwd>инъекция в зиготу</kwd><kwd>эмбриональные стволовые клетки (ЭСК)</kwd><kwd>инъекция ЭСК в бластоцисту</kwd><kwd>трансплантация эмбрионов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transgenesis</kwd><kwd>zygote injection</kwd><kwd>embryonic stem cells (ESKs)</kwd><kwd>injection of ESKs into blastocyst</kwd><kwd>embryotransfer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boroviak K., Doe B., Banerjee R., Yang F., Bradley A. Chromosome engineering in zygotes with CRISPR/Cas9. Genesis. 2016;54(2): 78­85. 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