References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ17.298

vavilov-1223

Research Article

ГЕНОМИКА И ГЕННАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ

GENOMICS AND GENE ENGINEERING

Использование геномных данных в селекции птицы

Evaluation of the genome in bird breeding

Яковлев

А. Ф.

Yakovlev

A. F.

Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин.

St. Petersburg, Pushkin.

afyakov@mail.ru

Дементьева

Н. В.

Dement’eva

N. V.

Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин.

St. Petersburg, Pushkin.

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных.РоссияRussian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding.Russian Federation

2017

23122017

217770777

2017

Яковлев А.Ф., Дементьева Н.В.

Yakovlev A.F., Dement’eva N.V.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1223

Новые технологии определения последовательности нуклеотидов ДНК позволили открыть сотни тысяч мононуклеотидных поли морфных маркеров, часть из которых ассоциирована с племенны ми качествами животных. Разработанная на основе этих достижений геномная селекция произвела революционный сдвиг в птицеводстве. Система полиморфных маркеров предоставляет уникальную возможность значительно повышать точность расчетных значений селекции, управлять генетической изменчивостью, сокращать интервалы между генерациями и ускорять генетический прогресс. Геномная селекция в птицеводстве имеет ряд отличий от подобной технологии, используемой на сельскохозяйственных видах млекопитающих. Наличие двух категорий хромосом (микро- и макрохромосомы) с разной скоростью рекомбинаций, включение в геномную оценку женских особей, а также быстрая смена поколений вносят свои особенности. Технология интенсивно внедряется в различные отрасли птицеводства, включая бройлерное производство, и используется основными птицеводческими компаниями. Совершенствованию отдельных этапов геномной селекции поможет улучшение регистрации количественных признаков, математической обработки молекулярной базы данных, импутации и оценки генетического неравновесия по сцеплению.

New technologies determining the DNA sequence of nucleotides have led to the discovery of hundreds of thousands of mononucleotide polymorphic markers, some of which are associated with breeding quality of animals. Developed on the basis of these achievements, genomic selection has produced a revolutionary shift in the poultry industry. The developed molecular marker system provides a unique opportunity to significantly improve the accuracy of estimated breeding values to manage genetic variability, to reduce the interval between generations, and accelerate genetic progress. Genomic breeding in the poultry industry has a number of differences from similar technology used in agricultural mammalian species. The existence of two categories of chromosomes (macro- and microchromosomes) with different rates of recombination, the preferred genomic females evaluation, rapid change of generations make their own features. Technology is introduced rapidly in various sectors of the poultry industry, including broiler production, and is used by major poultry companies. The individual steps of genomic selection need to be improved, and the continuous improvement of technology can be attained though its use in practical and scientific. The improvement of the separate stages of genome selection will be helped by perfection of registration and mathematical treatment of the phenotypical and molecular database, imputation and estimations of linkage disequilibrium.

птицасеквенированиемононуклеотидный полиморфизмгеномная селекциямаркерынеравновесие по сцеплениюимпутация

birdsequencingSNPgenomic selectionmarkerslinkage disequilibriumimputation

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.