vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ17.307vavilov-1237Research ArticleГЕНОДИАГНОСТИКА У РАСТЕНИЙGENE DIAGNOSTICS IN PLANTSМетодические подходы к идентификации эффективных генов, определяющих устойчивость пшеницы к комплексу грибных заболеванийMethodical approaches to identification of effective wheat genes providing broad-spectrum resistance against fungal diseasesСколотневаЕ. С.SkolotnevaE. S.

Новосибирск.

Novosibirsk.

sk-ska@yandex.ruЛеоноваИ. Н.LeonovaI. N.

Новосибирск.

Novosibirsk.

БукатичЕ. Ю.BukatichE. Yu.

Новосибирск.

Novosibirsk.

СалинаЕ. А. SalinaE. A.

Новосибирск.

Novosibirsk.

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук.РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS.Russian Federation201723122017217862869Copyright © Сколотнева Е.С., Леонова И.Н., Букатич Е.Ю., Салина Е.А., 20172017Сколотнева Е.С., Леонова И.Н., Букатич Е.Ю., Салина Е.А.Skolotneva E.S., Leonova I.N., Bukatich E.Y.,  Salina E.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1237

Возбудители листостебельных инфекций мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum имеют экономическое значение для большинства регионов Российской Федерации. Среди них наиболее распространены различные виды ржавчин и мучнистая роса. Нами усовершенствован методический подход для постулирования эффективности генов, определяющих групповую устойчивость пшеницы к грибным заболеваниям; он объединяет традиционные методы фитопатологической оценки в поле и современные технологии генотипирования с помощью молекулярных ДНК-маркеров. Схема разработанной методики включает следующие этапы: 1) изучение генотипов пшеницы с использованием молекулярных маркеров; 2) оценка генотипов в полевых условиях; 3) сопоставление данных фитопатологической оценки и молекулярного маркирования для выявления образцов пшеницы с эффективной групповой устойчивостью к фитопатогенам. Приведены рекомендации по генотипированию сортообразцов и линий пшеницы с использованием маркеров к генам Lr16/Sr23, Lr24/Sr24, Lr19/Sr25, Lr26/Sr31/Yr9/Pm8, Lr37/Sr38/Yr17 и гена с плейотропным эффектом Lr34(=Sr57/Yr18/Pm38). Апробированы маркеры для российских сортообразцов и линий, несущих хромосому от Thinopyrum intermedium с группой генов Lr6Ai#2/ Sr6Ai#2/Pm6Ai#2 и новую транслокацию от Aegilops speltoides с группой генов, обозначенных нами LrAsp7/SrAsp7/PmAsp7. При оценке вклада генов (включая гены, расположенные в районах транслокаций) в формирование устойчивости мягкой пшеницы к грибным инфекциям необходимо использовать расширенную выборку генотипов, в том числе несущих одну и ту же группу генов в различном генетическом окружении. Дополнительно предложены сроки и периодичность учета развития грибных заболеваний в условиях Западной Сибири в зависимости от возбудителя. Предложенный в настоящей статье методический подход может быть использован для идентификации и оценки эффективности групп генов, обеспечивающих защиту пшеницы от листостебельных болезней. Данный подход применим при изучении генетических коллекций, состоящих из изогенных линий, источников и доноров генов устойчивости, а также при отборе генотипов пшеницы с использованием маркер-ориентированной селекции.

Among the pathogenic complex of the common wheat there is a causal agent of leaf and stem diseases: (rusts and powdery mildew), which has economic importan ce for most of the Russian regions. We propose a methodological approach for confirmation of effec tiveness of wheat genes conferring broad-spectrum resistance to different types of fungal diseases, which integrates traditional field tests and current genotyping techniques with molecular DNA markers. The pro posed approach includes the following steps: 1) evaluating of wheat genotypes using molecular DNA markers; 2) field tests for genotypes; 3) confirma tion of effective ness of broad-spectrum resistance genes by matching field scores and data from mole cular markers. A protocol has been proposed for geno typing varieties and wheat lines using markers linked to Lr16/Sr23, Lr24/  Sr24, Lr19/ Sr25, Lr26/Sr31/Yr9/Pm8, Lr37/Sr38/Yr17 and the gene Lr34(=Sr57/Yr18/Pm38) with a pleiotropic effect. Markers to the genes Lr6Ai#2/Sr6Ai#2/Pm6Ai#2 transferred from Thinopyrum intermedium into the genomes of Russian wheat varieties and markers to a new translocation from Aegi lops spel toides with a group of genes, designated as LrAsp7/SrAsp7/PmAsp7, were tested. When evaluating the contribution of the genes (including genes located on the alien translocations) to the formation of common wheat resistance to fungal diseases, it is necessary to use an extended sample, including genotypes carrying the same group of genes in a different genetic background. In addition, recommendations are given on the terms and frequency of monitoring of fungal diseases in Western Siberia, depending on the pathogen. The methodological approach proposed in the article can be used for identification and evaluation of the efficacy of the genes determining protection of wheat from fungal diseases. This approach is applicable in the investigation of genetic collections consisting of isogenic lines, sources and donors of resistance genes, as well as in the development of wheat genotypes using marker-assisted selection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.