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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ17.321</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1276</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ГЕНЕТИКИ И КЛЕТОЧНОЙ БИОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAINSTREAM TECHNOLOGIES IN GENETICS AND CELL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы геномного редактирования дрожжей: история и современное состояние</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methods of yeast genome editing</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розанов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sibiryak.n@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шляхтун</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyahtun</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Текутьева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tekutieva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владивосток.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сон</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Son</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владивосток.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пельтек</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peltek</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный федеральный университет; ООО «АРНИКА».<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Far Eastern Federal University;  Arnika, Ltd.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ЗАО «Центр новых технологий и бизнеса»;  Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Closed Joint Stock Company “Center for New Technologies and Business”; 5 Shemyakin­Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>969</fpage><lpage>978</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Розанов А.С., Шляхтун В.Н., Текутьева Л.А., Сон О.М., Сизова С.В., Пельтек С.Е., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Розанов А.С., Шляхтун В.Н., Текутьева Л.А., Сон О.М., Сизова С.В., Пельтек С.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rozanov A.S., Shlyahtun V.N., Tekutieva L.A., Son O.M., Sizova S.V., Peltek S.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1276">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1276</self-uri><abstract><p>Дрожжи являются модельным эукариотическим организмом, на котором отрабатываются многие предположения о работе генома, а также методы его редактирования. Наиболее часто в исследовательских работах используют Saccharomyces cerevisiae, которые очень хорошо приспособлены физиологически к культивированию в условиях биореактора и признаны абсолютно безопасными. В последнее десятилетие методы генетической инженерии дрожжей претерпели значительные изменения. Появились новые инструменты, которые пришли из смежных направлений и позволили значительно ускорить процесс получения новых штаммов. Прежде всего это белки для направленного внесения изменений в последовательность ДНК. Длительное время методы редактирования генома дрожжей базировались на использовании их собственной системы гомологичной рекомбинации. Она удобна и удовлетворяла потребности исследователей на протяжении нескольких десятилетий, до того времени, когда на первый план стали выходить высокопроизводительные методы. Во втором десятилетии XXI века произошло бурное развитие высокопроизводительных подходов, в первую очередь методов анализа в биологии: геномики, транскриптомики, протеомики, метаболомики, интерактомики и др. Сформировалась биоинформационная база, которая позволила быстро обрабатывать растущий поток информации и моделировать клеточные процессы. В результате скорость анализа и предсказания мишеней для редактирования генома стала превышать скорость их получения, что, естественно, обусловило поиск новых методов генетической инженерии. Особенно сильно этот процесс затронул работы по модификации свойств микроорганизмов. Современные задачи стали требовать не единичных модификаций, а десятков и сотен, а иногда тысяч модификаций. В результате исследователи, занимающиеся дрожжами, стали вовлекать в работу новые инструменты геномного редактирования, которые ранее развивались для изучения более сложных объектов, таких как животные, растения, клеточные линии и др. Современные методы геномной инженерии дрожжей позволяют вносить несколько модификаций в геном за один шаг. В данном обзоре рассматривается вопрос применения и перспектив дальнейшего развития методов направленного редактирования генома в инженерии дрожжей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Yeasts are a convenient model eukaryote used for genome studies and genome editing. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the species most widely employed in biotechnology, since it is easily cultivated in bioreactors and is absolutely safe. The last decade saw a significant development of methods of yeast genetic engineering and the creation of novel instruments adapted from other fields, which allowed one to significantly accelerate the construction of new strains. The most prominent examples are the proteins used for directed DNA editing. For a long time, yeast genome engineering was based on the yeasts’ system of homologous recombination. It was sufficient for several decades before the development of high­throughput methods. Many high­throughput methods were developed in the second decade of the XXI century, including those used in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, interactomics, etc. Modern bioinformatic databases now allow one to rapidly process the increasing flow of information and model cellular processes. As a result, the rate of analysis and prediction of targets for genome editing is currently higher than the rate of genome editing, which led to the development of new methods of genetic engineering. This process was particularly pronounced for microorganisms. Modern tasks require tens, hundreds, sometimes even thousands of genome modifications, which made researchers to look for new techniques. As a result, the instruments used for more complex objects, such as animals, plants, and cell lines, were adapted for yeasts. Modern methods for yeast genome editing allow introducing several modifications into the genome in a single step. In this study, we review the methods of directed genome editing and their applications and perspectives for yeasts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дрожжи</kwd><kwd>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</kwd><kwd>генетическая инженерия</kwd><kwd>ZFN</kwd><kwd>цинковые пальцы</kwd><kwd>TALENS</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas</kwd><kwd>Аргонавт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>yeast</kwd><kwd>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</kwd><kwd>genetic engineering</kwd><kwd>ZFN</kwd><kwd>zinc fingers</kwd><kwd>TALENS</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas</kwd><kwd>Argonaut</kwd><kwd>NgAgo</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao Z., Xiao H., Liang J., Zhang L., Xiong X., Sun N., Si T., Zhao H. 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