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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ18.327</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1362</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ КАРТОФЕЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POTATO GENETICS AND BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОПУШЕНИЕ ЛИСТА У КАРТОФЕЛЯ Solanum tuberosum: МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ РОЛЬ И МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LEAF HAIRINESS IN POTATO Solanum tuberosum: MORPHOLOGY, FUNCTION AND METHODS OF ANALYSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорошков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doroshkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонников</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonnikov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ada@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дорошков А.В., Афонников Д.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дорошков А.В., Афонников Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Doroshkov A.V., Afonnikov D.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1362">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1362</self-uri><abstract><p>Опушение – один из важных биотических факторов защиты растений от повреждающих факторов среды. Интерес к изучению опушения картофеля связан преимущественно с тем, что оно играет заметную роль в защите растений от насекомых-вредителей. Обзор посвящен функциональной роли и генетическому контролю опушения листьев у картофеля. Рассматриваются морфологические особенности опушения картофеля, которое состоит из несекретирующих и секретирующих трихом нескольких типов. Соотношение трихом разных типов у разных видов картофеля отличается большим разнообразием, характерным в первую очередь для дикорастущих видов. Опушение может служить классифицирующим признаком. Описана роль трихом как «фабрик» вторичных метаболитов картофеля, среди которых сложные эфиры сахарозы и терпеновые производные, служащие репеллентами насекомых. Трихомы также синтезируют полифенолоксидазу, которая за счет окисления фенолов приводит к синтезу метаболитов, вредных для насекомых. Представлена информация об известных в настоящее время генах, ответственных за контроль опушения. Это гены, участвующие в формировании комплекса MYB-bHLH-WD40, который контролирует процессы дифференцировки и развития трихом у растений. У картофеля белки этого комплекса изучаются прежде всего в связи с регуляцией биосинтеза антоцианов. Фундаментальной основой для идентификации генов, контролирующих опушение картофеля, в настоящее время являются данные о последовательности полного генома картофеля. Это позволяет на основе анализа гомологии с генами модельных организмов идентифицировать гены-кандидаты, контролирующие важные признаки у картофеля. Работы в этом направлении уже ведутся, однако они находятся на начальном этапе. В заключительном разделе обзора описаны методы фенотипирования трихом, основанные на визуальном анализе микроскопических изображений (полученных с помощью как оптических, так и электронных микроскопов). Показана актуальность разработки новых высокопроизводительных подходов к изучению морфологии этого признака у картофеля.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pubescence is one of the important biotic factors in plants related to protection from stressful environmental factors. In potato, the interest in the study of pubescence is associated primarily with the fact that it plays a significant role in the protection of plants from insect pests. The review focuses on the functional role and genetic control of leaf pubescence in potato. The review describes morphological features of pubescence of potatoes, which consists of simple and glandular trichomes of several types. The ratio of trichomes of different types in potato species potato is diverse, especially for wild species. Therefore, the pubescence may serve as a classifying trait. The role of trichomes as “factories” of secondary metabolites of potatoes, among which are the esters of sucrose and terpene derivatives that serve as insect repellents. Trichomes also synthesize polyphenol oxidases, which lead to the biosynthesis of compounds which are harmful to the insects. The review presents information about the currently known genes responsible for pubescence. These are genes involved in the formation of a complex of MYB-bHLH-WD40, which controls the differentiation and development of trichomes in plants. The proteins of this complex in potatoes are primarily studied in connection with the regulation of the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. The fundamental basis for identification of genes controlling pubescence in potato is currently sequence data from complete genome sequencing. By analysis of homology with the genes of model organisms, it allows candidate genes that control important traits in potato to be identified. Work in this direction is already underway, but at the initial stage. In the final section, the review describes the methods ofphenotyping trichomes, based on the visual analysis of microscopic images (obtained both with optical and electron microscopes). The urgency of developing new high-performance approaches to the study of the morphology of the trait in potatoes has been demonstrated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>картофель</kwd><kwd>опушение листа</kwd><kwd>трихомы</kwd><kwd>защита от вредителей</kwd><kwd>фенотипирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>potato</kwd><kwd>leaf hairiness</kwd><kwd>trichomes</kwd><kwd>protection from pests</kwd><kwd>phenotyping</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>State program on bioresource collections at the ICG, Novosibirsk (State Budgeted Project 0324-2017-0001 «Inventory and development of the GenAgro collection»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An L., Zhou Zh., Yan A., Gan Y. Progress on trichome development regulated by phytohormone signaling. 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