vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.331vavilov-1363Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICS RESOUCESАНАПСКАЯ АМПЕЛОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ КОЛЛЕКЦИЯ – КРУПНЕЙШИЙ ЦЕНТР АККУМУЛЯЦИИ И ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ГЕНОФОНДА ВИНОГРАДА В РОССИИTHE АNAPA AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION IS THE LARGEST CENTER OF VINE GENE POOL ACCUMULATION AND RESEARCH IN RUSSIAПанкинМ. И.PankinM. I.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

ПетровВ. С.PetrovV. S.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

ЛукьяноваА. А.LukianovaA. A.lykanna@list.ruИльницкаяЕ. Т.IlnitskayaE. T.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

НикулушкинаГ. Е.NikulushkinaG. E.КоваленкоА. Г.KovalenkoA. G.БольшаковВ. А.BolshakovV. А.Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделияРоссияNorth Caucasian Federal Scientific Center оf Horticulture, Viticulture, WinemakingRussian FederationАнапская зональная опытная станция виноградарства и виноделия – филиал Северо-Кавказского федерального научного центра садоводства, виноградарства, виноделияРоссияAnapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, WinemakingRussian Federation2018210320182215459Copyright © Панкин М.И., Петров В.С., Лукьянова А.А., Ильницкая Е.Т., Никулушкина Г.Е., Коваленко А.Г., Большаков В.А., 20182018Панкин М.И., Петров В.С., Лукьянова А.А., Ильницкая Е.Т., Никулушкина Г.Е., Коваленко А.Г., Большаков В.А.Pankin M.I., Petrov V.S., Lukianova A.A., Ilnitskaya E.T., Nikulushkina G.E., Kovalenko A.G., Bolshakov V.А.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1363

В современном отечественном виноградарстве острой проблемой является совершенствование сортимента для создания высокоадаптивных насаждений и устойчивого производства конкурентоспособного винограда в нестабильных стрессовых погодных условиях умеренно континентального климата юга России. В этой связи актуально изучение происхождения, формирования и сохранения генетических ресурсов с целью их вовлечения в селекционный процесс для решения важнейших народно-хозяйственных задач. Возрастает роль сорта и ампелографических коллекций. Анапская ампелографическая кол­лекция (http://azosviv.info/category/osnovnye_razdely/anapskaya_ampelograficheskaya_kollekciya) является крупнейшим хранителем генофонда сортов винограда в России, завезенных из различных стран Европы, Азии, Америки и регионов России. В ней сконцентрирован 4921 сортообразец, в том числе Vitis vinifera L. – 2975, V. amurensis Rupr. – 40, V. labrusca L. – 50, меж-видовые сорта V. vinifera L.×V. amurensis Rupr. – 210, V. Vinifera L.× V. labrusca L. – 168, сложные межвидовые гибриды V. Vinifera L.×гибриды SV – 220, V. vinifera L.×V. amurensis Rupr.×гибриды SV – 70 и другие образцы. На коллекции ведется научноисследовательская работа по изучению сортов для производственных и селекционных целей. Выделяются сорта и формы по положительным хозяйственно ценным признакам – продуктивности, качественным показателям винограда, винопродукции, устойчивости к морозам, засухе и вредным организмам. Выделены, сохраняются и используются в селекции как источники хозяйственно ценных признаков на устойчивость к низким температурам во время зимовки сорта: Рислинг рейнский, Ркацители, Алиготе, Рислинг итальянский, Траминер розовый, Пино черный, Papa нягра, Каберне-Совиньон, Корна нягра, Пино серый, Гаме фрео, Саперави, Мускат оттонель, Мадлен Анжевин, Каберне фран, Хихви, Жемчуг саба, Шардоне, Красностоп Анапский, Достойный, Красностоп АЗОС и др. На базе коллекции создано 27 сортов и элитных форм, в том числе 12 сортов передано в Государственное сортоиспытание (Плутон, Мужественный, Гордый, Маран, Варваровский, Гармония, Прогресс, Горный, Сатурн, Дмитрий, Владимир, Курчанский). Проводятся молекулярно-генетические исследования накопленного генофонда и ДНК-паспортизация сортов. Изучен полиморфизм микросателлитных локусов в генотипах аборигенных донских и дагестанских сортов винограда. Выполняется ДНКпаспортизация сортов селекции СКФНЦСВВ, что перспективно для определения чистосортности посадочного материала и насаждений винограда, уточнения родительских форм образцов и в спорных вопросах авторства сорта.

Nowadays there is much tension in the Russian modern vine growing industry around the issue of enhancing the range of grape varieties, which is aimed at production of highly adaptive grape plants and sustainable production of competitive grape varieties in the unstable stressing weather conditions of the moderate continental climate in the south of Russia. In this view, we believe it important to carry out research into the origin, generation and preservation of genetic resources so that they can be involved in the selection process and reach most important objectives of the national economy. The role of a variety and ampelographic collections becomes more important. The Anapa ampelographic collection (http://azosviv.info/category/osnovnye_razdely/anapskaya_ampelograficheskaya_kollekciya) is Russia’s largest gene pool depository of grape varieties brought from various countries of Europe, Asia and America, and Russia’s regions as well. It contains 4921 grape varieties, including Vitis vinifera L. (2975), V. amurensis Rupr. (40), V. labrusca L. (50), the interspecies varieties V. vinifera L.×V. amurensis Rupr. (210), V. vinifera L.×V. labrusca L. (168), blended interspecies hybrids V. vinifera L.× hybrids SV (220), V. vinifera L.×V. amurensis Rupr.×hybrids SV (70), and other samples. We carry out extensive research into collection varieties for their production and selection. We select varieties and forms showing good agronomic characters in productivity, quality of grapes and wine products, winter hardiness, drought resistance, and resistance to pests. We have identified, preserved and now use in selection, as sources of good agronomic characters of resistance to low temperatures in winter, such varieties as Riesling of the Rhine, Rkatsiteli, Aligoté, Riesling of Italy, Traminer Pink, Pinot Noir, Rara Neagra, Cabernet Sauvignon, Coarna Neagra, Pinot Gris, Gamay Freaux, Saperavi, Muscat Ottonel, Madeleine Angevine, Cabernet Franc, Khikhvi, Pearl of Csaba, Chardonnay, Krasnostop of Anapa, Dostoiniy, Krasnostop AZOS, etc. The collection has given birth to twenty seven varieties and elite forms, of which twelve varieties have been sent to the State Committee for the Testing of New Varieties of Agricultural Plants (Pluto, Muzhestvenniy (Courageous), Gordiy (Proud), Maran, Varvarovsky, Harmony, Progress, Gorniy (Mountaneous), Saturn, Dimitry, Vladimir, Kurchansky). We carry out a molecular genetic testing of the accumulated gene pool and DNA-classification of varieties. We have studied the microsatellite polymorphism in the genotypes of autochthonous grape varieties of the Don River and the Republic of Dagestan. We are performing the DNA-classification of varieties selected by the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (Krasnodar), which is advantageous for the identification of pure varieties in planting material and vineyards and specifying of the parent forms of grape varieties, as well as when any disputes arise as to the variety authorship.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.