vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.332vavilov-1364Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICS RESOUCESОЦЕНКА СОРТОВ ГРУШИ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ ГЕНОФОНДОВОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ НИКИТСКОГО БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО САДА ПО КОМПЛЕКСУ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННО ЦЕННЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ, С ПОМОЩЬЮ МИКРОСАТЕЛЛИТНЫХ МАРКЕРОВMICROSATELLITES-BASED EVALUATION OF THE PEAR CULTIVARS SELECTED FROM NIKITSKY BOTANICAL GARDENS GERMPLASM BY THEIR ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE CHARACTERISTICSПлугатарьЮ. В.PlugatarY. V.

Ялта, Республика Крым

Yalta, Republic of the Crimea

БабинаР. Д.BabinaR. D.

Отделение «Крымская опытная станция садоводства», лаборатория селекции и сортоизучения.

Симферопольский район, Республика Крым

Department of “The Crimean Horticultural Experiment Station”, Selection and Cultivars Study Laboratory.

Simferopol region, Republic of the Crimea

sadovodstvo.koss@mail.ruСупрунИ. И.SuprunI. I.

Лаборатория генетики и микробиологии.

Genetics and Microbiology Laboratory.

НауменкоТ. С.NaumenkoT. S.

Ялта, Республика Крым

Yalta, Republic of the Crimea

АлексеевЯ. И.AlekseevY. I.

Москва

Moscow

Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр РАНРоссияOrder of the Red Banner of Labour Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RASRussian FederationСеверо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделияРоссияNorth Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, WinemakingRussian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологииРоссияThe National Scientific Center of Agricultural BiotechnologiesRussian Federation2018210320182216068Copyright © Плугатарь Ю.В., Бабина Р.Д., Супрун И.И., Науменко Т.С., Алексеев Я.И., 20182018Плугатарь Ю.В., Бабина Р.Д., Супрун И.И., Науменко Т.С., Алексеев Я.И.Plugatar Y.V., Babina R.D., Suprun I.I., Naumenko T.S., Alekseev Y.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1364

Мобилизация и сохранение генетических ресурсов разнообразия культурных сортов груши и ее диких сородичей являются одним из основных аспектов при создании новых сортов современного интенсивного садоводства. Решающее значение при выведении сорта имеет подбор родительских пар, обладающих комплексом положительных признаков. Целью данной работы было изучение коллекционно-селекционных насаждений генофондовой коллекции груши Никитского ботанического сада по основным хозяйственнобиологическим признакам и отбор наиболее ценных сортообразцов для использования их в селекционных программах в качестве исходного материала, а также выполнение ДНК-фингерпринтинга и оценка генетического полиморфизма выборки перспективных сортов с применением анализа микросателлитных локусов. В результате многолетних исследований по комплексу признаков выделены сорта, представляющие интерес для использования в селекционных исследованиях: Гвардейская Зимняя, Изумрудная, Изюминка Крыма, Кельменчанка, Крымская Ароматная, Крымская Медовая, Лазурная, Мария, Мрия, Надежда Степи, Незабудка, Новосадовская, Ореанда Крыма, Отечественная, Тающая, Якимовская. Образцы представленных сортов были переданы для генотипирования. Для анализа генетического полиморфизма в изучаемой группе сортов использовали семь микросателлитных ДНК-маркеров: EMPc108, EMPc117, EMPc115, CH04e03 и CH01d09, CH01f07a, CH01d08, которые были сгруппированы в два мультиплексных набора. SSR-маркеры значительно различались по уровню полиморфизма: было выявлено от трех (маркер CH04e03) до 11 (EMPc115) аллелей на локус. При этом показатель эффективного числа аллелей варьировал от 1.37 до 4.65. На основании данных оценки полиморфизма SSR-маркеров проведен анализ степени генетического сходства изученных сортов груши, который позволил оценить генетические взаимосвязи в изученной выборке генотипов. Полученные SSR-фингерпринты сортов будут использованы в качестве исходных данных для создания базы данных ДНК-паспортов сортов генофондовой коллекции груши НБС-ННЦ.

Mobilization and preservation of genetic sources of diversity of the cultivated pear varieties and their wild relatives is one of the main aspects of new cultivars breeding for modern intensive horticulture. The crucial matter during a new cultivar creation goes to the selection of parental pairs, which obtain a complex of positive features. The aim of this work is to study the Gene Fund collection of pear plantings from Nikitsky Botanical Gardens in accordance with the main economically important traits and to select the most valuable genotypes for using them in breeding programs as a starting material, as well as to conduct a DNA-fingerprinting and the analyses of genetic polymorphism of promising cultivars from the collection of pear with implementing of microsatellite analyses. As a result of long-term studies the following cultivars were selected in accordance with the complex of features promising for the breeding program: Gvardeiskaya Zimnyaya, Izuminka Kryma, Izumrudnaya, Kelmenchanka, Krymskaya Aromatnaya, Krymskaya Medovaya, Lazurnaya, Maria, Mriya, Nadezhda Stepi, Nezabudka, Novosadovskaya, Oreanda Kryma, Otechestvennaya, Tauschaya, Yakimovskaya. The samples of these cultivars were forwarded for genotyping. For the genetic polymorphism analyses of the studied cultivars, seven microsatellite DNA-markers – EMPc108, EMPc117, EMPc115, CH04e03 and CH01d09, CH01f07a, CH01d08 – grouped into 2 multiplex sets were used. The SSR-markers were significantly different according to their level of polymorphism – from 3 (CH04e03 marker) to 11 (EMPc115) alleles per a gene locus were revealed, the effective number of alleles varying from 1.37 to 4.65. Based on SSR-markers polymorphism analysis data, the rate of genetic similarity of the studied pear cultivars was estimated. This evaluation research helped estimate genetic relations inside the studied sample collection of genotypes. The SSR-fingerprints of the cultivars obtained will be used as a starting material for the creation of DNA-passports database of the “NBG – NSC” Gene Fund collection of pear cultivars.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.