vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.335vavilov-1367Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICS RESOUCESМИНЕРАЛЬНЫЙ СОСТАВ ЗЕРНА ДИКИХ СОРОДИЧЕЙ И ИНТРОГРЕССИВНЫХ ФОРМ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ ПШЕНИЦЫMINERAL COMPOSITION OF WILD RELATIVES AND INTROGRESSIVE FORMS IN WHEAT SELECTIONСавинТ. В.SavinT. V.АбугалиеваА. И.AbugaliyevaA. I.

Алмалыбак, Алматы

Almalybak, Almaty

ЧакмакИ.CakmakI.

Istanbul

КожахметовК.KozhakhmetovK.Казахский научно-исследовательский институт земледелия и растениеводстваКазахстанKazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and PlantsKazakhstanКазахский научно-исследовательский институт земледелия и растениеводства; Казахский национальный аграрный университетКазахстанKazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plants; Kazakh National Agrarian UniversityKazakhstanУниверситет СабанчиТурцияSabanci UniversityTurkey2018210320182218896Copyright © Савин Т.В., Абугалиева А.И., Чакмак И., Кожахметов К., 20182018Савин Т.В., Абугалиева А.И., Чакмак И., Кожахметов К.Savin T.V., Abugaliyeva A.I., Cakmak I., Kozhakhmetov K.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1367

Изучен минеральный состав зерна интрогрессивных форм мягкой пшеницы в сравнении с дикими сородичами и сортами. Высокий уровень содержания макро- и микроэлементов (N, P, K, Mg, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu) выявлен у диких видов Aegilops ovata и Ae. triuncialis, общий повышенный фон – у сородичей относительно современных сортов Triticum aestivum (стандарты). По содержанию макро- и микроэлементов интрогрессивные формы пшеницы занимали промежуточное положение между дикими сородичами и современными сортами. Выявлены переходные формы (Жетысу× T. militinae; Жетысу×T. kiharae; Безостая 1×Ae. cylindrica) с уровнем минерального состава, характерным для диких форм. Все изученные генотипы дифференцированы на три кластера. Первый состоит преимущественно из интрогрессивных форм, Ae. triaristata и сорта Комсомольская 1, в происхождении которого участвовали дикие формы. Второй кластер включает в основном сорта (родительские формы), T. timopheevii и интрогрессивную форму Стекловидная 24×T. militinae. В третий кластер входят виды T. militinae, T. kiharae, Ae. cylindrica и интрогрессивные формы с их участием: Жетысу×T. militinae и Безостая 1×Ae. cylindrica. Такое деление позволяет классифицировать генотипы по уровню метаболизма: дикие сородичи (третий кластер), сорта (второй кластер) и промежуточный – интрогрессивные формы (первый кластер). В целом включение культурных форм (беккроссирование с районированными сортами) в скрещивания с интрогрессивными формами, как правило, сопровождается снижением общего метаболического уровня, но специфично относительно сортов и диких видов, характеризующихся полиморфизмом. Выявлены источники высокого содержания макро- и микроэлементов – дикие сородичи и интрогрессивные формы, часть из которых использовалась в качестве доноров при скрещивании с сортами. По результатам топкроссных скрещиваний со стандартами – коммерческими и наиболее распространенными сортами Стекловидная 24, Алмалы, Жетысу – для двух константных линий (Безостая 1×Ae. cylindrica)×T. kiharae и Жетысу×T. kiharae выявлена передача содержания K, P, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn и P, Mg, N потомству этих генотипов в F2–F3 поколениях.

The study of seed mineral composition of wheat and its wild relatives revealed higher content of all elements in Aegilops ovata and Ae. triuncialis, as well as an overall increased background in relatives compared to modern varieties of Triticum aestivum (standards). By content of macro- and microelements, synthetic forms of wheat occupy an intermediate position between wild relatives and modern varieties. Transitional forms with the level of mineral composition typical of wild forms (Zhetysu×T. militinae; Zhetysu×T. kiharae; Bezostaya 1×Ae. cylindrica) have been identified. All genotypes have been differentiated into 3 clusters. The first consists predominantly of introgressive forms, Ae. triaristata and the Komsomolskaya 1 variety, which has wild forms in its origin. The second cluster includes mainly varieties (parental forms), T. timopheevii and the introgressive form (Steklovidnaya 24×T. militinae). The third cluster consists largely of T. militinae, T. kiharae, Ae. cylindrica species and introgressive forms originated from them: Zhetysu×T. militinae and Bezostaya 1× Ae. cylindrica. Such division allows us to classify genotypes according to the level of metabolism: wild relatives (3rd cluster), varieties (2nd cluster) and an intermediate group – introgressive forms (1st cluster). In general, inclusion of cultural forms (backcrossing with varieties) to crosses with introgressive forms is usually accompanied by a decrease in the total metabolic level, but it varies in cultivars and wild species characterized by polymorphism. Sources of high content of elements have been revealed: wild relatives and introgressive forms, some of which are donors. According to the results of topcross breeding with testers – commercial common wheat varieties Steklovidnaya 24, Almali, Zhetysu – inheritance of this trait by progenies in F2–F3 generations has been revealed in two constant lines: (Bezostaya 1×Ae. cylindrica)×T. kiharae and Zhetysu×T. kiharae.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.