vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.344vavilov-1438Research ArticleКЛЕТОЧНАЯ И МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯCELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGYЦеребральные органоиды – перспективная модель в клеточных технологияхCerebral organoids: a promising model in cellular technologiesШнайдерТ. А.ShnaiderT. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

shnayder.t@yandex.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian Federation201806042018222168178Copyright © Шнайдер Т.А., 20182018Шнайдер Т.А.Shnaider T.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1438

Развитие головного мозга человека представляет собой сложный многоэтапный процесс, включающий образование различных типов нейральных клеток и их взаимодействия. Многие фундаментальные механизмы нейрогенеза установлены благодаря изучению модельных животных. Однако значительные структурные различия головного мозга по сравнению с другими животными не позволяют рассмотреть все аспекты формирования головного мозга у человека, которые могут играть решающую роль для развития его уникальных когнитивных способностей. Новая технология трехмерных церебральных органоидов открывает исследователям уникальную возможность моделировать ранние этапы нейрогенеза человека. В обзоре рассматриваются технология получения трехмерных церебральных органоидов, примеры ее успешного внедрения в фундаментальные и прикладные исследования, имеющиеся проблемы, а также перспективы ее развития.

The development of the human brain is a complex multi-stage process including the formation of various types of neural cells and their interactions. Many fundamental mechanisms of neurogenesis have been established due to the studying of model animals. However, significant differences in the brain structure compared to other animals do not allow considering all aspects of the human brain formation, which could play the main role in the development of unique cognitive abilities for human. Four years ago, Lancaster’s group elaborated human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoid technology, which opened a unique opportunity for researchers to model early stages of human neurogenesis in vitro. Cerebral organoids closely remodel many endogenous brain regions with specific cell composition like ventricular zone with radial glia, choroid plexus, and cortical plate with upper and deeper-layer neurons. Moreover, human brain development includes interactions between different brain regions. Generation of hybrid three-dimensional cerebral organoids with different brain region identity allows remodeling some of them, including long-distance neuronal migration or formation of major axonal tracts. In this review, we consider the technology of obtaining human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoids with different modifications and with different brain region identity. In addition, we discuss successful implementation of this technology in fundamental and applied research like modeling of different neurodevelopmental disorders and drug screening. Finally, we regard existing problems and prospects for development of human pluripotent stem cell-derived threedimensional cerebral organoid technology.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.