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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-145</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДОМЕСТИЦИРУЕМЫЕ ЛИСИЦЫ: МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ, ВОВЛЕКАЕМЫЕ В ОТБОР ПО ПОВЕДЕНИЮ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FOX DOMESTICATION: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN SELECTION FOR BEHAVIOR</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трут</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trut</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">trut@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гербек</surname><given-names>Ю. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Herbeck</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">trut@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харламова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharlamova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">trut@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулевич</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulevich</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">trut@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кукекова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukekova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">avk@illinois.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA<country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA<country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>226</fpage><lpage>233</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трут Л.Н., Гербек Ю.Э., Харламова А.В., Гулевич Р.Г., Кукекова А.В., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трут Л.Н., Гербек Ю.Э., Харламова А.В., Гулевич Р.Г., Кукекова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trut L.N., Herbeck Y.E., Kharlamova A.V., Gulevich R.G., Kukekova A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/145">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/145</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на то что доместикация животных со времен Дарвина вызывает большой интерес у генетиков и эволюционистов, основной вопрос о генетических механизмах этого процесса до сих пор в должной мере не прорабатывался. В настоящей статье излагаются некоторые результаты экспериментального моделирования исторической доместикации на одном из объектов промышленного разведения –серебристо-черной лисице (Vulpes vulpes). Статья сфокусирована на роли отбора в трансформации поведения этих животных, приведшего к созданию уникальных популяций ручных и агрессивных лисиц. С целью анализа молекулярно-генетической природы различий в поведении этих уникальных лисиц были созданы дополнительные ресурсы: сконструирована мейотическая карта генома лисицы, путем скрещиваний ручных и агрессивных лисиц получены информативные расщепляющиеся субпопуляции, совершенствован применяемый ранее метод количественной оценки поведенческих фенотипов. В работе использовались интегральные поведенческие фенотипы (главные компоненты – ГК1 и ГК2), полученные в результате анализа регистрируемых видеокамерой этологических параметров. Главный результат состоит в том, что при использовании интервального QTL-картирования на 12-й хромосоме лисиц идентифицирован регион, наиболее тесно ассоциированный с ручным поведением. Принципиальное значение этого результата усиливается тем, что он оказался гомологичным региону на 5-й хромосоме собак, который интерпретируют как регион, ответственный за раннюю доместикацию волка и его эволюционный переход в примитивную собаку.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Although animal domestication has enjoyed the attention of geneticists and evolutionary biologists since Darwin’s times, the focal question about genetic basis of this process has not been duly considered. We have presented here some results of experimental modeling of historical domestication in silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes), one of the object of commercial breeding. Attention is focused on the role of artificial selection in the transformation of behavior of these animals, which has created the unique populations of tame and aggressive foxes. Additional resources were developed to analyze the molecular nature of differences in the behavior of these unique foxes: the meiotic map of the fox genome was constructed, crosses of tame and aggressive animals obtained informative segregating subpopulations, and the formerly applied method of quantification of behavioral phenotypes was improved. Integrated behavioral phenotypes (principal components PC1 and PC2) used in the study were obtained by analysis of ethological parameters recorded by a camcorder. The most important result is that the region most closely associated with tame behavior was identified on fox chromosome 12 by QTL interval mapping. The result is the more so significant that the region is similar to the region on canine chromosome 5 presumed to be responsible for early domestication of wolves and their evolutionary transformation to primitive dogs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>серебристо-черные лисицы</kwd><kwd>экспериментальная доместикация</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетический анализ поведения</kwd><kwd>дестабилизирующий отбор</kwd><kwd>расщепляющиеся популяции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>silver fox</kwd><kwd>experimental domestication</kwd><kwd>molecular-genetic analysis of behavior</kwd><kwd>destabilizing selection</kwd><kwd>segregating populations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Минобрнауки РФ, Президиум РАН</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев Д.К. 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