vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.365vavilov-1508Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICS RESOUCESПЛАСТИЧНОСТЬ ОБРАЗА ЖИЗНИ У ГРУППЫ ОЗИМЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ ПШЕНИЦЫ И ТРИТИКАЛЕSEASONAL LIFE HISTORY PLASTICITY OF THE GROUP OF WINTER WHEAT AND TRITICALE ACCESSIONSКозловВ. Е.KozlovV. E.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

kozlov@bionet.nsc.ruПономаренкоВ. И.PonomarenkoV. I.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

РазмахнинЕ. П.RazmakhninE. P.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр, Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian Federation201824052018223310315Copyright © Козлов В.Е., Пономаренко В.И., Размахнин Е.П., 20182018Козлов В.Е., Пономаренко В.И., Размахнин Е.П.Kozlov V.E., Ponomarenko V.I., Razmakhnin E.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1508

Использование «яровых аналогов» для исследования зимостойкости пшеницы дает возможность создавать более зимостойкие сорта. Пластичность образа жизни (способность развиваться по яровому типу при яровом посеве) озимых сортов позволяет выделять такие «аналоги». В условиях Западной Сибири проверена зимостойкость 34 озимых образцов пшеницы и тритикале из Краснодара. Их потомства были посеяны ранней весной вблизи Новосибирска для изучения их пластичности и получения «яровых аналогов». Осенью у пяти образцов не было фертильных растений, а у остальных 29 образцов их доля не превышала 59.3 % отчасти из-за наличия стерильных растений. Полученное яровое потомство было высеяно на месяц позже в следующем году. Осенью среди потомков лишь 15 озимых образцов обнаружены фертильные растения. Но у 28 образцов присутствовали также растения в стадии кущения к началу зимовки. Некоторые из них перезимовали и сформировали семена на следующий год раньше посевов озимых сортов. Несмотря на песчанистую почву (низкое содержание влаги) и сильную майско-июньскую засуху, среди этих растений наблюдалась измен чивость по продуктивности. Такие «озимояровые» растения можно использовать для селекции образцов пшеницы и тритикале, пригодных для посева в конце весны – начале лета и уборки на следующий год раньше озимых  сортов. Эти образцы будут соответствовать требованиям sustainable agriculture, потому что «озимо-яровые» растения были выде лены в крайне неблагоприятных условиях: песчанистая кислая (pH 4.9–5.3) малоплодородная почва без внесения удобрений, содержание азота в верхнем слое 0–40 см ниже 25 кг/га. Существует теоретическая возможность селекции «озимо-яровых» растений в качестве подпокровной культуры.

The application of “spring analogs” to explore winterhardiness of wheat gives the possibility to obtain cultivars with higher hardiness. Seasonal life history plasticity of winter cultivars gives the possibility to obtain such “analogs”. Winterhardiness of 34 winter wheat and triticale accessions from Krasnodar was tested in West Siberia environment. Their ofsprings were sown early in the spring near Novosibirsk to study their plasticity and to obtain “spring analogs”. In the fall the percentage of fertile plants was equal to 0 in the case of 5 accessions and to not more than 59.3 in other 29 accessions partly because of the  presence of sterile plants. The progeny of this sowing was sown next year late in the spring. As a result, in the fall fer tile plants were observed in the progeny of only 15 winter accessions. Also plants at the stage of tillering were observed in the progeny of 28 accessions at the beginning of winter. Some of them survived and developed seeds next year earlier than winter cultivars. Variability in performance was observed between these plants in spite of sandy soil (low humidity content) and May-June strong drought. So, such “winter-spring” plants can be used for breeding wheat and triticale accessions suitable for sowing late in the spring or early in the summer and harvesting next year earlier than winter cultivars. They can be developed in accordance with sustainable agriculture, because “winter-spring” plants were generated in an extremely unfavourable environment: sandy acid soil (pH 4.9–5.3) with low fertility (nitrogen content in the upper 40-cm layer was below 25 kg/ha) without fertilizer application. There is a theoretical posibility to breed “winter-spring” plants in simultaneous sowings with spring cultivars.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.