vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.366vavilov-1509Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICS RESOUCESМОРФОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СОРТОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ СИБИРСКОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ В КУЛЬТУРЕ in vitroTHE MORPHOGENIC POTENTIAL OF SIBERIAN POTATO CULTIVARS IN TISSUE CULTURESИбрагимоваС. М.IbragimovaS. M.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

isola@bionet.nsc.ruРомановаА. В.RomanovaA. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

МызгинаГ. Х.MyzginaG. Kh.

Новосибирская область, Новосибирский район, пос. Краснообск

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

КочетовА. В.KochetovA. V.

Новосибирская область, Новосибирский район, пос. Краснообск

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

Федеральный исследовательский центр, Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian FederationСибирский научно­исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал ИЦиГ СО РАНРоссияSiberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RASRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр, Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Сибирский научно­исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет; Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS; Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation201824052018223316320Copyright © Ибрагимова С.М., Романова А.В., Мызгина Г.Х., Кочетов А.В., 20182018Ибрагимова С.М., Романова А.В., Мызгина Г.Х., Кочетов А.В.Ibragimova S.M., Romanova A.V., Myzgina G.K., Kochetov A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1509

Картофель – одна из важнейших пищевых культур в мире, подвержен поражению вирусами, грибами, бактериями, что снижает его урожайность и приносит большой экономический ущерб. Достижения современной биотехнологии позволяют создавать устойчивые сорта растений, для которых традиционные методы селекции затруднены, путем модификации их генома. Необходимы эффективные и воспроизводимые методики регенерации картофеля в культуре in vitro. Три сорта сибирской селекции Тулеевский, Кемеровчанин, Сафо и два контрольных сорта Голубизна и Никулинский использовали в работе в качестве модельных для оценки их морфогенетического потенциала в культуре in vitro. Экспланты стебля получали от растений, выращенных in vitro в пробирках. Стеблевые экспланты исследуемых сортов культивировали на основной среде Мурасиге–Скуга с добавлением 1 мг/л транс­зеатина, 0.1 мг/л индолилуксусной кислоты, 10 мг/л гиббереллина  и витаминов (среда Р1). Все этапы культивирования, вплоть до  получения полноценных растений­регенерантов, проводили на среде Р1. Каждые две недели экспланты переносили на свежие  питательные среды. Все сорта формировали каллус, но различались по срокам каллусообразования и типу формируемого каллуса. При дальнейшем культивировании сортов на среде того же состава наблюдали морфогенез – образование побегов на раневых поверхностях экспланта. Высокую регенерационную способность проявили сорта Тулеевский, Кемеровчанин и Голубизна (73–97.7 %), низкую – сорт Сафо (63 %). Обнаружен внутрисортовой полиморфизм по способности к регенерации у сибирских сортов. Регенеранты укоренялись на среде Мурасиге – Скуга, без добавления  фитогормонов на седьмой день культивирования. В контроле (на среде без добавления фитогормонов) стеблевые экспланты всех пяти сортов не формировали каллус и не развивали побеги на раневых поверхностях. Предлагаемый способ индукции морфо­генеза в культуре in vitro у картофеля прост, эффективен и может быть использован для других сортов.

Potato is an important crop widely cultivated throughout the world. It is prone to several pathogenic fungi, viruses, and bacteria, which cause severe economic loss every year. Recent advances in plant  biotechnology have made it possible to produce resistant cultivars by plant genome editing. This approach allows crop modiications that would be diicult to obtain by conventional breeding techniques. A successful and reproducible plant system requires a responsive in vitro regeneration system. Three Siberian potato cultivars –Kemerovchanin, Tuleevsky, and Sapho – and two control cultivars – Golubizna and Nikulinsky – were chosen for in vitro response tests. The stem explants were excised from in vitro grown plantlets. Their stem explants were incubated on Murashige&Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L trans­zeatin, 0.1 mg/L  IAA, and 10 mg/L GA3 with vitamins (medium P1). All the stages of cultivation up to obtaining full­ledged regenerant plants were carried out on medium P1. Every two weeks the explants were transferred to fresh nutrient media. All cultivars formed calluses but difered  in terms of callus formation and in callus type. With further cultivation on the medium of the same composition, morphogenesis was observed: shoots formed on wound surfaces of the stem explants. Cultivars Tuleevsky, Kemerovchanin, and Golubizna showed high regeneration ability (73–97.7 %), while that of Sapho (63 %) was poor. All the Siberian cultivars were variable with regard to their morphogenic potentials. Root formation was observed in the shoots within 7 days on hormone­free MS. In the control (hormone­free medium), stem explants of all cultivars did not form calluses or develop shoots on the wound surfaces. The protocol described here is simple and eicient. It can be applied to other potato cultivars.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.