vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.370vavilov-1513Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGСЕЛЕКЦИЯ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ АНТИОКСИДАНТОВ В ЗЕРНЕ КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТОВ ЗДОРОВОГО ПИТАНИЯBREEDING FOR ANTIOXIDANT CONTENT IN GRAIN AS A PROMISING TREND IN OBTAINING HEALTHY FOOD PRODUCTSПолонскийВ. И.PolonskiyV. I.ЛоскутовИ. Г.LoskutovI. G.i.loskutov@vir.nw.ruСуминаА. В.SuminaA. V.

Абакан

Abakan

Красноярский государственный аграрный университетРоссияKrasnoyarsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр, Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР); Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); St. Petersburg State UniversityRussian FederationХакасский государственный университет им. Н.В. КатановаРоссияKatanov Khakass State UniversityRussian Federation201825052018223343352Copyright © Полонский В.И., Лоскутов И.Г., Сумина А.В., 20182018Полонский В.И., Лоскутов И.Г., Сумина А.В.Polonskiy V.I., Loskutov I.G., Sumina A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1513

Согласно Доктрине продовольственной безопасности Российской Федерации, в ближайшей перспективе предполагается расширение ассортимента продуктов здорового питания. Вследствие этого необходим поиск соответствующих пищевых источников. К веществам, способствующим профилактике ряда серьезных заболеваний человека, относятся антиоксиданты, а одним из важных параметров качества пищевых продуктов и ингредиентов выступает их антиоксидантная активность. В настоящее время суммарное содержание антиоксидантов и их антиоксидантная активность достаточно полно установлены в овощах и фруктах. При этом найдено, что по сравнению с эквивалентным количеством мягких фруктов или широко употребляемых в пищу овощей цельное зерно злаков обеспечивает более высокое количество связанных полифенолов. Последние включаются в обмен веществ в толстой кишке и могут обеспечивать тем самым положительное влияние на здоровье человека. На примере 30 различных коммерческих зерновых завтраков показано, что содержащиеся в средней порции хлопьев, приготовленных на овсяной основе, уровни полифенолов сопоставимы с таковыми, находящимися в эквивалентном количестве овощей и фруктов. Известно, что зерно овса и ячменя имеет высокую питательную ценность, содержит ненасыщенные жирные кислоты, основные минеральные элементы, белки и бетаглюканы (самые высокие уровни среди зерновых злаков), а также характеризуется наличием разнообразных химических веществ с антиоксидантными свойствами. В последние годы в некоторых западных странах начаты работы по изучению содержания антиоксидантов в зерне различных культурных злаков. В России лишь небольшое количество работ посвящено исследованию этих важных химических соединений в зерне овса и ячменя. Следует отметить, что, хотя зерновые культуры считаются одним из основных компонентов питания человека, исследований в области определения их антиоксидантной активности проведено недостаточно. С целью привлечения внимания российских растениеводов, селекционеров, физиологов растений, генетиков и биотехнологов к указанной проблеме читателю предлагается обзор современной литературы.

According to the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, there are plans for the nearest future to expand the assortment of healthy food products for the country’s population, so a search for relevant food sources is needed. The substances that may aid to prevent a number of serious human diseases include antioxidants, while one of the important quality parameters in food products and their ingredients is their antioxidant activity. Today, the aggregate content of antioxidants and their antioxidant activity have been identified with sufficient accuracy for vegetables and fruits. At the same time, the whole cereal grain has been found to provide higher quantities of bound polyphenols than the equivalent portion of soft fruits or widely consumed vegetables. These compounds are available for metabolism in the large intestine, and thus can produce a beneficial effect on human health. Additionally, a case study of 30 different breakfast cereals has shown that the levels of polyphenols in an average portion of oat-based cereals (40 g) are matchable with those of vegetables or fruits. It is widely known that oat and barley grains have high nutritional value, contain unsaturated fatty acids, basic minerals, proteins and β-glucans (the highest levels among cereal crops), and are characterized by the presence of diverse chemicals with antioxidant properties. In recent years, research efforts have been started in a number of Western countries to analyze the content of antioxidants in the grain of various cereal crops. In today’s Russia, only a small number of works are dedicated to studying these important chemical compounds in oat and barley grain. It should be mentioned that, although cereal crops are recognized as one of the main components in human diet, the research conducted to determine their antioxidant activity has clearly been insufficient. In order to attract the attention of Russian plant scientists, plant breeders, plant physiologists, geneticists and biotechnologists, a survey of modern publications on this problem is presented.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.