vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.372vavilov-1515Research ArticleМЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА, НЕЙРОГЕНЕТИКА, ИММУНОГЕНЕТИКА, БИОМЕДИЦИНАPOPULATION GENETICSСТРУКТУРА ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ЛИСТОВЫХ ПАТОГЕНОВ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАПАДНОАЗИАТСКИХ РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ И CЕВЕРНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ В 2017 Г.POPULATION STRUCTURE OF LEAF PATHOGENS OF COMMON SPRING WHEAT IN THE WEST ASIAN REGIONS OF RUSSIA AND NORTH KAZAKHSTAN IN 2017ГультяеваЕ. И.GultyaevaE. I.

Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин

St. Petersburg, Pushkin

eigultyaeva@gmail.comКоваленкоН. М.KovalenkoN. M.

Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин

St. Petersburg, Pushkin

ШаманинВ. П.ShamaninV. P.ТюнинВ. А.TyuninV. A.

Челябинская область, Чебаркульский район, пос. Тимирязевский

Сhelyabinsk region, Chebarkulsky district Timiryazevsky

ШрейдерЕ. Р.ShreyderE. R.

Челябинская область, Чебаркульский район, пос. Тимирязевский

Сhelyabinsk region, Chebarkulsky district Timiryazevsky

ШайдаюкЕ. Л.ShaydayukE. L.

Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин

St. Petersburg, Pushkin

МоргуновА. И.MorgunovА. I.

Анкара

Ankara

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растенийРоссияAll-Russian Institute of Plant ProtectionRussian FederationОмский государственный аграрный университет им. П.А. СтолыпинаРоссияОmsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. StolypinRussian FederationЧелябинский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйстваРоссияСhelyabinsk Scientific Research Institute of AgricultureRussian FederationМеждународный центр улучшения кукурузы и пшеницы (CIMMYT)ТурцияInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ( CIMMYT)Turkey201825052018223363369Copyright © Гультяева Е.И., Коваленко Н.М., Шаманин В.П., Тюнин В.А., Шрейдер Е.Р., Шайдаюк Е.Л., Моргунов А.И., 20182018Гультяева Е.И., Коваленко Н.М., Шаманин В.П., Тюнин В.А., Шрейдер Е.Р., Шайдаюк Е.Л., Моргунов А.И.Gultyaeva E.I., Kovalenko N.M., Shamanin V.P., Tyunin V.A., Shreyder E.R., Shaydayuk E.L., Morgunov А.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1515

Листовые болезни яровой пшеницы – бурая ржавчина (возбудитель – Puccinia triticina), желтая пятнистость ( пиренофороз) (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) и темно-бурая пятнистость (Сochliobolus sativus = Bipolaris sorokiniana) – относятся к группе распро - страненных и потенциально опасных болезней в западноазиатских регионах России и Северном Казахстане. Для обоснования стратегий генетической защиты пшеницы необходимы популяционные исследования фитопатогенов. Цель работы –  характеристика структуры популяций возбудителей бурой ржавчины и желтой пятнистости яровой пшеницы по признакам вирулентности и оценка распространенности возбудителя темно-бурой пятнистости в западноазиатских регионах Российской Федерации и Северном Казахстане в 2017 г. Источником инфекционного материала служили пораженные бурой ржавчиной и пятнистостями листья образцов яровой пшеницы, собранные в Челябинской и Омской областях и Северном Казахстане. Анализ вирулентности 109 изолятов P. triticina на 20 линиях-дифференциаторах показал, что все изученные монопустульные изоляты были авирулентны к ТсLr24. Изоляты, вирулентные к ТсLr19, выявлены только в челябинской популяции. Частоты вирулентных изолятов к ТсLr2a, ТсLr2b, ТсLr2c, ТсLr11, ТсLr15, ТсLr16, ТсLr20 и ТсLr26 были выше в омской и североказахстанской популяциях, а к ТсLr9 – в челябинской. При использовании 20 ТсLr-ли ний определено 27 фенотипов вирулентности P. triticina: 12 в омской, 19 в челябинской,  8 в казахстанской. Фенотипы TLTTR (авирулентность (av) к ТсLr16, ТсLr19, ТсLr24, ТсLr26), TCTTR (av: TcLr9, TcLr16, ТсLr19, ТсLr24), TBTTR (av: ТсLr9, ТсLr16, ТсLr19, ТсLr24, ТсLr26) встречались во всех регионах. Фенотипы TQTTR (av: ТсLr19, ТсLr24, ТсLr26) и TGTTR (av: ТсLr9, ТсLr19, ТсLr24, ТсLr26) были общими для омской и североказахстанской популяций, а THPTR (av: ТсLr9, ТсLr11, ТсLr19, ТсLr24) и TCTTQ (av: ТсLr9, ТсLr16, ТсLr19, ТсLr20, ТсLr24) – для омской и челябинской. Определено высокое генетическое сходство омской популяции с североказахстанской и челябинской и умеренное между челябинской и североказахстанской популяциями. Распространенность возбудителя темно-бурой листовой пятнистости в Омской области была выше, чем в Челябинской. Из североказахстанских инфекционных образцов листьев С. sativus не выделен. Возбудитель желтой  пятнистости обнаружен во всех  изученных регионах. По признаку токсинообразования среди челябин ских изолятов P. tritici-repentis выявлено пять рас (р1 (PtrToxA, PtrToxС); р2 (PtrToxA); р7 (PtrToxA, PtrToxВ), р8 (PtrToxA, PtrToxВ, PtrToxС); р4 (не образует токсины)); среди омских – три (р1, р2, р3); среди североказахстанских – четыре (р1, р2, р3, р4). 26 фенотипов P. tritici-repentis выявлено при анализе вирулентности на 11 сортах-дифференциаторах. Два из них были представлены во всех популяциях; два – в челябинской и североказахстанской; один – в омской и челябинской; остальные были оригинальными. Высокая степень сходства структуры популяций облигатного патогена P. triticina и сапротрофного P. tritici-repentis в западно азиатских областях Российской Федерации и Северном  Казахстане указывает на единую эпидемиологическую зону. Наличие общих фенотипов патогенов свидетельствует о возможном генном потоке между изученными популяциями, что следует учитывать при размещении в этих регионах генетически защищенных сортов яровой пшеницы.

Wheat diseases affecting leaves like leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and spot blotch (Сochliobolus sativus = Bipolaris sorokiniana) are widely spread and potentially dangerous in the West-Asian region of Russia and North Kazakhstan. The study of these pathogens’ populations is very important for genetic protection of wheat. The objective of this study was to explore the population structure of the causative agents of leaf rust and tan spot on spring wheat based on virulence traits and assessing the distribution of the causative agent of spot blotch in the West-Asian region of Russia and North Kazakhstan. The source of inoculum were wheat leaves affected by leaf rust and spot diseases collected in the Chelyabinsk and the Omsk region of Russia and in North Kazakhstan. Virulence analysis of P. triticina using 20 lines with known Lr genes demonstrated that all 109 monopustule isolates were avirulent on ТсLr24. The isolates virulent on ТсLr19 were identified only in the Chelyabinsk population. The prevalence of isolates virulent on ТсLr2a, ТсLr2b, ТсLr2c, ТсLr11, ТсLr15, ТсLr16, ТсLr20 and ТсLr26 was higher in the Omsk and the North Kazakhstani population, while virulence to ТсLr9 was higher in Chelyabinsk. Using 20 TcLr-lines, we identified 27 virulent phenotypes of P. triticina: 12 in the Omsk, 19 in the Chelyabinsk and 8 in the Kazakhstani population. The phenotypes TLTTR (avirulent to TcLr16, TcLr19, TcLr24, TcLr26), TCTTR (avirulent to TcLr9, TcLr16, TcLr19, TcLr24), and TBTTR (avirulent to TcLr9, TcLr16, TcLr19, TcLr24, TcLr26) were observed in all the populations. The phenotypes TQTTR (avirulent to TcLr19, TcLr24, TcLr26) and TGTTR (avirulent to TcLr9, TcLr19, TcLr24, TcLr26, TcLr9, TcLr19, TcLr24, TcLr26) were common in the Omsk and the North Kazakhstani population, while THPTR (avirulent to avTcLr9, TcLr11, TcLr19, TcLr24) and TCTTQ (avirulent to TcLr9, TcLr16, TcLr19, TcLr20, TcLr24) were common in the Omsk and the Chelyabinsk population. There was a high genetic similarity in virulence and phenotypic composition between the Omsk and the North Kazakhstani population as well as between the Omsk and the Chelyabinsk population and a moderate similarity between the Chelyabinsk and the North Kazakhstani population. The prevalence of the spot blotch pathogen was higher in the material collected from the Omsk region, while none of this pathogen was identified in the North Kazakhstani material. The isolates of tan spot were identified in all the regions. Five races of P. tritici-repentis were identified among Chelyabinsk isolates based on the toxins produced by the following pathogens: race 1 (PtrToxA PtrToxС); race 2 (PtrToxA); race 7 (PtrToxA, PtrToxВ), race 8 (PtrToxA, PtrToxВ, PtrToxС), and race 4 (does not produce toxins). Three races were identified in the Omsk region (1 – 3) and four, in North Kazakhstan (1 – 4). A total of 26 P. tritici-repentis phenotypes were identified by virulence analysis using 11 differential lines: two were present in all the populations; two. in Chelyabinsk and North Kazakhstan; one, in Omsk and Chelyabinsk; and all the others were original. A high degree of similarity between the obligate pathogen P. triticina and the saprophytic pathogen P. tritici-repentis in the West-Asian region of Russia and in North Kazakhstan demonstrates that this is one epidemiological region across this wheat production area. The presence of common phenotypes suggests there is a the possibility of gene exchange between the populations and this shall be considered while releasing genetically protected wheat varieties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.