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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ18.377</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1544</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ И КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ПРИОНОВ  С НЕКОДИРУЮЩИМИ РНК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INTERRELATION OF PRIONS WITH NON-CODING RNAS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruji79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуснутдинова</surname><given-names>Э. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusnutdinova</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bashkir State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный университет; Институт биохимии и генетики Уфимского научного центра Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bashkir State University; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Center RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>415</fpage><lpage>424</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мустафин Р.Н., Хуснутдинова Э.К., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мустафин Р.Н., Хуснутдинова Э.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mustafin R.N., Khusnutdinova E.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1544">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1544</self-uri><abstract><p>Прионы – это альтернативные инфекционные конформации ряда клеточных белков. В отношении протеина PrPC(PrP – от англ. prion protein, С – common, обычный) прионная конформация, получившая название PrPSc (Sc – scrapie, скрейпи или почесуха овец), оказалась патологической. У млекопитающих PrPSc является этиологическим фактором трансмиссивных губчатых энцефалопатий, характеризующихся накоплением в головном мозге агрегатов PrPSc, которые обладают амилоидными свойствами. МикроРНК и длинные некодирующие РНК могут транслироваться в функциональные пептиды, оказывающие регуляторное воздействие на гены, продуктами которых они служат. Сделано предположение о роли активации специфических некодирующих РНК под влиянием прионов в качестве одного из механизмов патогенеза прионных болезней. Обнаружены изменения уровней микроРНК в тканях головного мозга, а также в экзосомах, содержащих аномальную изоформу PrPSc у больных трансмиссивными губчатыми энцефалопатиями. Выявлены ассоциации аллелей микроРНК с развитием болезни, что говорит о возможной роли специфических последовательностей некодирующих РНК в катализе образования прионов из нормального белка. Предполагается, что измененные N-концевые пространственные домены PrPScспособны связываться с регуляторными последовательностями специфических генов некодирующих РНК. В результате активируется экспрессия данных некодирующих РНК, которые, в свою очередь, могут взаимодействовать с PrPC, катализируя их преобразование в PrPSc. Происходит экспоненциальный рост количества PrPSc. В головном мозге животных и человека наблюдается активность мобильных элементов, оказывающие регуляторное влияние на дифференцировку нейрональных стволовых клеток. Транспозоны составляют основу доменных структур длинных некодирующих РНК, служат важными источниками микроРНК. Так как прионные болезни могут возникать в виде спорадических и наследственных случаев, а на восприимчивость к заболеванию влияет полиморфизм в белок-кодирующих генах и генах микроРНК, можно предположить роль роль специфического состава и особенностей функционирования транспозонов в их патогенезе. Активация транспозонов в головном мозге на определенных стадиях развития, а также под действием стресса отражается в характере экспрессии специфических некодирующих РНК, способных катализировать переход белка PrPC в PrPSc. Исследование в данном направлении может стать основой для таргетной терапии прионных болезней с использованием микроРНК в качестве мишеней.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prions are alternative infectious conformations for some cellular proteins. For the protein PrPC (PrP – prion protein, С – common), a prion conformation, called PrPSc (S – scrapie), is pathological. For example, in mammals the PrPSc prion causes transmissible spongiform encephalopathies accumulating in the brain tissues of PrPSc aggregates that have amyloid properties. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs can be translated into functional peptides. These peptides can have a regulatory effect on genes from which their non-coding RNAs are transcribed. It has been assumed that prions, like peptides, due to the presence of specific domains, can also activate certain non-coding RNAs. Some of the activated non-coding RNAs can catalyze the formation of new prions from normal protein, playing their role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Confirmation of this assumption is the presence of the association of alleles of microRNA with the development of the disease, which indicates the role of the specific sequences of noncoding RNAs in the catalysis of prion formation. In the brain tissues of patients with prion diseases, as well as in exosomes containing an abnormal PrPSc isoform, changes in the levels of microRNA have been observed. A possible cause is the interaction of the spatial domains of PrPSc with the sequences of the non-coding RNA genes, which causes a change in their expression. MicroRNAs, in turn, affect the synthesis of long non-coding RNAs. We hypothesize that long noncoding RNAs and possibly microRNAs can interact with PrPC catalyzing its transformation into PrPSc. As a result, the number of PrPSc increases exponentially. In the brain of animals and humans, transposon activity has been observed, which has a regulatory effect on the differentiation of neuronal stem cells. Transposons form the basis of domain structures of long non-coding RNAs. In addition, they are important sources of microRNA. Since prion diseases can arise as sporadic and hereditary cases, and hereditary predisposition is important for the development of pathology, we hypothesize the role of individual features of activation of transposons in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. The activation of transposons in the brain at certain stages of development, as well as under the influence of stress, is reflected in the peculiarities of expression of specific non-coding RNAs that are capable of catalyzing the transition of the PrPC protein to PrPSc. Research in this direction can be the basis for targeted anti-microRNA therapy of prion diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>длинные некодирующие РНК</kwd><kwd>метилирование</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>прионы</kwd><kwd>регуляция</kwd><kwd>стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>трансмиссивные губчатые энцефалопатии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>long noncoding RNA</kwd><kwd>methylation</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>prions</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd><kwd>stem cells</kwd><kwd>transmissible spongiform encephalopathies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson D.M., Anderson K.M., Cang C.L., Makarewich C.A., Nelson B.R., McAnally J.R., Kasaragod P., Shelton J.M., Liou J., Bassel-Duby R., Olson E.N. A micropeptide encoded by a putative long noncoding RNA regulates muscle performance. 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