vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.385vavilov-1552Research ArticleГЕНОФОНД И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENE POOL AND BREEDINGИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕЖВИДОВОЙ ГИБРИДИЗАЦИИ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ АДАПТИВНЫХ ГИБРИДОВ И СОРТОВ ХРИЗАНТЕМЫ САДОВОЙ (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)USE OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION IN THE BREEDING OF ADAPTIVE HYBRIDS AND SORTS OF GARDEN CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)НедолужкоА. И.NedoluzhkoA. I.

Vladivostok

a.i.nedoluzhko@gmail.comБотанический сад-институт Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наукРоссияBotanical Garden-Institute, Far East Branch RASRussian Federation201804072018224476483Copyright © Недолужко А.И., 20182018Недолужко А.И.Nedoluzhko A.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1552

Сорта хризантемы садовой, созданные в странах дальнего и ближнего зарубежья, южных регионах России, не всегда зимостойки на юге российского Дальнего Востока, повреждаются грибными болезнями в связи с избыточным увлажнением, запаздывают со сроками цветения, а следовательно, не могут претендовать на роль коммерческих. Перспективным направлением отечественной селекции хризантемы садовой является создание нового селекционного материала на основе использования природного генофонда рода Chrysanthemum с целью введения в культурные сорта ценных адаптивных признаков. Исследования проводили в Ботаническом саду-институте ДВО РАН с 2000 г. Исходя из биологических, генетических особенностей и обеспеченности природными ресурсами рода Chrysanthemum, нами предложена стратегия получения отечественных адаптивных гибридов и сортов хризантемы садовой с использованием межвидовой гибридизации. Объекты исследования – первые поколения межвидовых гибридов F1, ранее полученные автором в результате гибридизации сортов и многолетних маньчжурских и корейских высокогорных видов Chrysanthemum. Происходящие от разных видов и сортов гибриды F1 скрещивали между собой для получения межгибридного потомства F2. Отбирали комплексно адаптивные (зимостойкие, устойчивые к Puccinia horiana Henn., раноцветущие) и декоративные мультикомпонентные формы F2, которые привлекали в близкородственные скрещивания. Оценивали и отбирали потомство от близкородственных скрещиваний по адаптивным и декоративным показателям. Включение в селекционный процесс разных источников зимостойкости и устойчивости к P. horiana позволило усилить в F2 и выявить в F3 поколениях имеющиеся положительные качества. Адаптивные признаки диких видов Chrysanthemum naktongense Nakai, C. coreanum (H. Lév. et Vaniot) Nakai, C. zawadzkii var. tenuisectum Kitag., C. leiophyllum Nakai, C. zawadzkii subsp. acutilobum (DC.) Kitag., сформировавшиеся и закрепленные в процессе эволюции, наследовались и проявлялись в потомствах сложных межгибридных и близкородственных скрещиваний. Отобраны перспективные межвидовые и межгибридные формы с биологическими признаками, определяющими возможность возделывания в экстремальных условиях субрегиона.

Many garden chrysanthemums bred across the world are not fully winter hardy. Many are damaged by fungal diseases due to a high humidity and are late flowering. This makes them unsuitable for general commercial marketing. Since 2000 we have been conducting a breeding program using natural species of the genus Chrysanthemum that are adapted to the local conditions. The strategy of breeding adaptive hybrids and varieties of chrysanthemum native to Russia was proposed based on their biological, genetic peculiarities and natural resources of Chrysanthemum with the use of interspecific hybridization. Research objects are the first generations of interspecific hyb rids of F1 obtained previously by the author as a result of the hybridization of varieties and wild species of Chrysanthemum. Derived from different species and varieties, F1 hybrids were crossed among themselves to obtain the multicomponent F2 progeny. F2 seedlings with winter hardiness, resistance to Puccinia horiana Henn. and early flowering were used in closely related crosses. The offspring of F3 from closely related crosses were also assessed and selected according to adaptive and decorative characteristics. Inclusion in the selection process of various sources of winter hardiness and resistance to P. horiana allowed positive characteristics to be increased in F2 and to be revealed in F3. Adaptive signs of the wild species Chrysanthemum naktongense Nakai, C. coreanum (H. Lév. et Vaniot) Nakai, C. zawadzkii var. tenuisectum Kitag., C. leiophyllum Nakai, and C. zawadzkii subsp. acutilobum (DC.) Kitag., which have formed and fixed during evolution, were inherited and manifested in offspring of the multicomponent hybrids and the closely related crosses. Promising interspecific forms with biological signs determining the possibility of growing in extreme conditions of the subregion were selected.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.