vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.386vavilov-1553Research ArticleГЕНОФОНД И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENE POOL AND BREEDINGМОНИТОРИНГ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ МЕСТНЫХ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ РОДА Aegilops L. ФЛОРЫ КАЗАХСТАНАMONITORING OF Aegilops L. LOCAL SPECIES GENETIC DIVERSITY OF KAZAKHSTAN’S FLORAУразалиевР.UrazalievR.

Алматы

Almaty

ЕсимбековаМ.YessimbekovaM.

Алматы

Almaty

minura.esimbekova@mail.ruМукинК.MukinK.

Алматы

Almaty

ЧиркинА.ChirkinA.

Алматы

Almaty

ИсмагуловаГ.IsmagulovaG.

Алматы

Almaty

Казахский научно-исследовательский институт земледелия и растениеводстваКазахстанKazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant GrowingKazakhstanИнститут молекулярной биологии и биохимии им. М.А. АйтхожинаКазахстанM.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryKazakhstan201804072018224484490Copyright © Уразалиев Р., Есимбекова М., Мукин К., Чиркин А., Исмагулова Г., 20182018Уразалиев Р., Есимбекова М., Мукин К., Чиркин А., Исмагулова Г.Urazaliev R., Yessimbekova M., Mukin K., Chirkin A., Ismagulova G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1553

Дикие сородичи – это таксоны диких растений, относящиеся к культурам, которые потенциально могут использоваться в качестве доноров генов многих полезных признаков, улучшая урожайность и/или качество, помогая избежать применения пестицидов и повышая адаптивность растений к экологическим стрессам в условиях глобального изменения климата. В этой связи актуальны исследования, направленные на сохранение и изучение генетического разнообразия местных экотипов рода Aegilops L. Проведен скрининг казахстанских местных популяций рода Aegilops L. (Ae. cylindrica, Ae. tauschii, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. crassa) для формирования коллекции ex situ, отражающей меж- и внутрипопуляционное разнообразие. Мониторинг проведен на основе нескольких индикаторов для установления селекционной полезности (фенология, продуктивность, устойчивость к стрессам абиотического и биотического характера). Идентифицированы источники устойчивости к болезням, раннеспелости. Впервые выполнен молекулярно-генетический анализ 50 представителей рода Aegilops L. казахстанской фло ры. Микросателлитный анализ выявил наиболее информативные EST-SSR маркеры (пять и шесть аллельных вариантов), была рассчитана частота аллелей и средняя гетерозиготность. Создан банк геномной ДНК для хранения ex situ (–70 °С).

Cereal Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are a very  important gene pool for cereal/wheat improvement. New genes for resistance to diseases and pests are urgently needed to avoid using pesticides and to raise adaptivity to the environmental stresses caused by global climate change. In this regard, the study is aimed at ex situ conservation of Aegilops L. genus local ecotypes’ genetic diversity, which is very relevant and promising for breeding. In order to establish breeding utility and form an ex situ collection reflecting the intra- and inter-specific diversity, the phenotypic screening of Kazakhstan’s local populations of Aegilops L. genus (Ae. cylindrica, Ae. tauschii, Ae. triuncialis and Ae. crassa) was conducted on the basis of multiple indicators. For the first time molecular-genetic analysis of 50 representatives of Aegilops L. genus from Kazakhstan’s flora was performed. The microsatellite analysis with the use of 11 EST-SSR markers revealed eight of them to be most effective. For each marker, allele frequency and average heterozygosity was calculated. For the most informative markers the presence of 5 and 6 respective allelic variations was found. A bank of genomic DNA was created and kept in ex situ storage (–70 °С, long-term) in the IMBB of the MES of RK.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.