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vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ18.387

vavilov-1582

Research Article

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИ

PLANT GENETICS

Современные подходы к синтезу генов: аспекты синтеза олигонуклеотидов, ферментативной сборки, проверки последовательностей и коррекции ошибок

Modern approaches to artificial gene synthesis: aspects of oligonucleotide synthesis, enzymatic assembly, sequence verification and error correction

Шевелев

Г. Ю.

Shevelev

G. Y.

metatezis@gmail.com

Пышный

Д. В.

Pyshnyi

D. V.

Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский государственный университетРоссияInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian Federation

2018

07082018

225498506

2018

Шевелев Г.Ю., Пышный Д.В.

Shevelev G.Y., Pyshnyi D.V.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1582

Синтетическая биология – быстро развивающаяся отрасль науки, нацеленная на создание биологических систем с предсказанными свойствами. При этом она использует достижения современной биологии, программирования и компьютерного моделирования, а также инженерной отрасли для создания биологических объектов, обладающих набором заранее заданных пользовательских свойств. Развитие синтетической биологии было обусловлено множеством технологических разработок в каждой из упомянутых отраслей. Так, значительное снижение стоимости технологии секвенирования ДНК привело к наработке больших объемов данных о генетических последовательностях различных организмов. Снижение стоимости синтеза последовательностей ДНК в соответствии с законом Мура позволило создавать библиотеки синтетических генов, представляющие потенциальный интерес в работе генных инженеров без необходимости использования традиционных и трудоемких методов молекулярной биологии. Благодаря развитию системной биологии сформировано глубокое понимание взаимосвязей и функций природных биологических моделей, а также построены прогностические модели, описывающие молекулярные процессы на клеточном и системном уровнях. Комбинация вышеперечисленных факторов создала возможность осознанного изменения природных биологических систем. В данном обзоре обсуждается современное состояние подходов к синтезу олигонуклеотидов для последующей сборки генных конструкций и к ферментативной сборке генов. Освещены аспекты использования различного программного обеспечения для подбора олигонуклеотидов для последующей сборки генов, проверки точности синтезированной последовательности генов, а также исправления ошибок.

Synthetic biology is a rapidly developing field aimed at engineering of biological systems with predictable properties. Synthetic biology accumulates the achievements of modern biological sciences, programming and computational modeling as well as engineering technologies for creation of biological objects with user-defined properties. Evolution of synthetic biology has been marked by a number of technological developments in each of the mentioned fields. Thus, significant reduction in cost of DNA sequencing has provided an easy access to large amounts of data on the genetic sequences of various organisms, and decreased the price of the DNA sequence synthesis, which, analogous to Moore’s law, resulted in an opportunity to create a lot of potential genes without the time – consuming and labor – intensive traditional methods of molecular biology. Development of system biology has allowed forming a deeper understanding of the functions and relationship of natural biological models, as well as of the computational models describing processes at the cell and system levels. Combination of these factors has created an opportunity for conscious changes of natural biological systems. In this review the modern approaches to oligonucleotide gene assembly synthesis are discussed, including such aspects as protocols for gene assembly, sequence verification, error correction and further applications of synthesized genes.

синтез олигонуклеотидовсинтез искус¬ственных геновферментативная сборка геновполиме-разная циклическая сборкалигазная циклическая сборкакоррекция ошибокпроверка последовательности

oligonucleotide synthesisartificial gene synthesisenzymatic gene assemblypolymerase cycling assembly (PCA)ligase cycling assembly (LCA)error correctionsequence verification

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.