vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.390vavilov-1585Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSСравнительный анализ полных последовательностей пластидных геномов чеснока Allium sativum и лука репчатого Allium cepaComparative analysis of the complete plastomes of garlic Allium sativum and bulb onion Allium cepaФилюшинМ. А.FilyushinM. A.ichel7753@mail.ruМазурА. М.MazurA. M.ЩенниковаА. В.ShchennikovaA. V.КочиеваЕ. З.KochievaЕ. Z.Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук, Институт биоинженерииРоссияFederal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, RAS, Institute of BioengineeringRussian Federation201808082018225524530Copyright © Филюшин М.А., Мазур А.М., Щенникова А.В., Кочиева Е.З., 20182018Филюшин М.А., Мазур А.М., Щенникова А.В., Кочиева Е.З.Filyushin M.A., Mazur A.M., Shchennikova A.V., Kochieva Е.Z.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1585

Секвенирование и сравнительная характеристика пластидных геномов растений – актуальный инструмент для современных филогенетических и таксономических исследований. Род Allium L. (сем. Amaryllidaceae) объединяет более 900 видов растений, вклю­чая такие экономически значимые овощные культуры, как чеснок Allium sativum, лук репчатый Allium cepa, лук-порей A. porrum и др. В настоящей работе впервые определена полная нуклеотидная последовательность пластидного генома чеснока A. sativum. Пластом A. sativum имел размер 153 172 п. н. и состоял из большой уникальной (LSC, 82 035 п. н.) и малой уникальной (SSC, 18 015 п. н.) копий, разделенных инвертированными повторами (IRa и IRb) размером 26 561 п. н. каждый. В пластидном геноме чеснока анно­тировано 134 гена, из них 82 белок-кодирующих, 38 тРНК, 8 рРНК и 6 псевдогенов. Сравнительный анализ пластидных геномов A. sativum и A. cepa выявил различия в размерах структурных элемен­тов и спейсеров на границах инвертированных повторов. Общее число генов в пластомах A. sativum и A. cepa было одинаковым, однако генный состав различался: ген rpl22 был функциональным у A. sativum и псевдогеном у A. cepa, а ген rps16 – наоборот, псевдо­геном у A. sativum и белок-кодирующим у A. cepa. В последователь­ностях пластидных геномов чеснока A. sativum и лука репчатого A. cepa были идентифицированы 32 микросателлитные последовательности, больше половины которых – динуклеотидные, осталь­ные – тетра-, пентаи гексануклеотидные, а тринуклеотидные отсутствовали. Сравниваемые пластидные геномы отличались числом повторов ряда микросателлитов, а некоторые микросателлиты встречались только у одного из видов.

Sequencing and comparative characterization of plant plastid genomes, or plastomes, is an important tool for modern phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, as well as for understanding the plastome evolution. The genus Allium L. (family Amaryllidaceae) incorporates more than 900 species, includes economically signifi­cant vegetable crops such as garlic A. sativum, onion A. cepa, leek A. porrum, etc. In this work, the plastome of garlic A. sativum has been completely sequenced. The A. sativum plastome is 153172 bp in size. It consists of a large unique (LSC, 82035 bp) and small unique (SSC, 18015 bp) copies, separated by inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) of 26561 bp each. In the garlic plastome, 134 genes have been annotated: 82 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 6 pseudogenes. Comparative analysis of A. sativum and A. cepa plastomes reveals differences in the sizes of structural elements and spacers at the inverted repeat bound­aries. The total numbers of genes in A. sativum and A. cepa are the same, but the gene composition is dif­ferent: the rpl22 gene is functional in A. sativum, being a pseudogene in A. cepa; conversely, the rps16 gene is a pseudogene in A. sativum and a protein-coding gene in A. cepa. In the A. sativum and A. cepa plastomes, 32 SSR sequences have been identified. More than half of them are dinucleotides, and the remaining are tetra-, penta-, and hexanucleotides at the same time, trinucleotides were absent. The compared plastomes differ in the numbers of certain SSRs, and some are present in only one of the species.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.