vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.394vavilov-1592Research ArticleГЕНОФОНД И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENE POOL AND BREEDINGРесурсный потенциал некоторых видов рода Miscanthus Anderss. в условиях континентального климата лесостепи Западной СибириResource potential of some species of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. under conditions of continental climate of West Siberian forest-steppeДорогинаО. В.DoroginaO. V.olga-dorogina@yandex.ruВасильеваО. Ю.VasilyevaO. Yu.НуждинаН. С.NuzhdinaN. S.БугловаЛ. В.BuglovaL. V.ГисматулинаЮ. А.GismatulinaYu. A.ЖмудьЕ. В.ZhmudE. V.ЗуеваГ. А.ZuevaG. A.КоминаО. В.KominаO. V.ЦыбченкоЕ. А.TsybchenkoЕ. A.Центральный сибирский ботанический сад Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RASRussian FederationИнститут проблем химико-энергетических технологий Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, SB RASRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation201809082018225553559Copyright © Дорогина О.В., Васильева О.Ю., Нуждина Н.С., Буглова Л.В., Гисматулина Ю.А., Жмудь Е.В., Зуева Г.А., Комина О.В., Цыбченко Е.А., 20182018Дорогина О.В., Васильева О.Ю., Нуждина Н.С., Буглова Л.В., Гисматулина Ю.А., Жмудь Е.В., Зуева Г.А., Комина О.В., Цыбченко Е.А.Dorogina O.V., Vasilyeva O.Y., Nuzhdina N.S., Buglova L.V., Gismatulina Y.A., Zhmud E.V., Zueva G.A., Kominа O.V., Tsybchenko Е.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1592

В настоящее время весьма актуальны задачи по поиску альтернативных древесине источников энергии, эколо­гически безопасных и экономически доступных. В связи с этим особый интерес представляют виды травянистых растений с высокой скоростью роста и характеризующи­еся высокими значениями нарастания надземной веге­тативной массы, имеющие практическое применение в качестве источника биоэтанола. Примером может служить род Miscanthus Anderss. (веерник), включающий примерно 14–20 видов, в том числе M. saccharif lorus (Maxim.) Hack., M. sinensis Anderss. и M. purpurascens Anderss., а также M. × giganteus, которые являются практически неисчерпаемыми источниками возобновляемого сырья в области альтернативной энергетики. В Центральном сибирском ботаническом саду (ЦСБС) СО РАН (Новосибирск) на основе коллекции газонных и декоративных злаков в конце 1990-х гг. было начато формирование и изучение родового комплек­са Miscanthus Anderss. Целью этого исследования стало изучение биологических особенностей видов Miscanthus: M. saccharif lorus, M. sinensis и M. purpurascens, интродуциро­ванных в ЦСБС, отбор и генетическая идентификация пер­спективных форм в качестве технических сырьевых рас­тений. Для оценки ресурсного потенциала и перспективы селекционной работы с родовым комплексом Miscanthus с целью хозяйственного использования в качестве техниче­ской (биоэнергетической) культуры в условиях лесостепи Западной Сибири были изучены сезонные ритмы развития модельных видов в условиях континентального климата в сравнении с муссонным и умеренно континентальным; оха­рактеризованы биоморфы, образующиеся ex situ и in situ; определен химический состав растительного сырья и про­ведена идентификация по молекулярно-генетическим мар­керам трех видов Miscanthus, интродуцированных в ЦСБС СО РАН. Анализ сезонного развития трех отборных форм веерников (M. saccharif lorus, M. purpurascens и M. sinensis) показал, что гидротермические условия благоприятство­вали получению вегетативной массы растительного сырья, т. е. использованию в качестве технической культуры в условиях лесостепи Западной Сибири. Выявлены формы для дальнейшей селекции и молекулярные признаки для разных видов мискантуса, которые можно использовать для идентификации и паспортизации форм и линий, перспективных для получения экономически доступного растительного сырья – альтернативных источников целлю­лозы недревесного происхождения.                  

In the meantime, search for environmentally friendly renewable energy sources alternative to fossil fuel has been driven by energy security challenges including limited availability of fuel and energy price fluctuations. Therefore herbal perennial grasses with their rapid growth and prominent biomass yield increasingly make it a favorite choice as a valuable agricultural crop usable for cellulosic ethanol production. As an example, the genus Miscanthus Anderss. (silvergrass) comprises ca. 14–20 species including M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack., M. sinensis Anderss., M. purpurascens Anderss, and M. × giganteus, which appear to be an almost inexhaustible source of sustainable raw material, and several Miscanthus species were investigated as a potential biofuel energy crop with commercially viable way of its producing. Introduction and investigation of Miscanthus species were initiated in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia) based on the grass and ornamental plant collection in the late 1990s. The paper objective is studying the biological traits of three Miscanthus species introduced into the CSBG SB RAS, selection and genetic identification of cultivars and varieties as the most perspective agricultural crop. To evaluate the potential crop yield and selection prospects of Miscanthus species being competitive as a valuable biofuel energy crop, the authors have estimated seasonal rhythms of model species development in the continental climate conditions of West Siberia. The article characterizes different Miscanthus varieties obtained either by the ex situ or in situ methods; presents the biochemical analysis of plant material and molecular identification of three Miscanthus species introduced into the CSBG SB RAS. The seasonal development analysis of three selected varieties of Miscanthus (M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, and M. purpurascens) proved the hydrometeorological conditions to be advantageous for prominent biomass yield, e. g. contributory to use Miscanthus in West Siberia as an easy to grow cellulose-rich grass. Molecular markers applicable in DNA-identification and genetic passportization of Miscanthus varieties have been established, which are perspective as such an economically available plant material as alternative non-woody source of cellulose.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.