vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.408vavilov-1650Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSПолиморфизм генов биосинтеза этилена и экспансина у местных и стародавних сортов яблони (Malus domestica Borkh.) из коллекции генетических ресурсов растений ВИРEthylene and expansin biosynthesis related genes polymorphism in local apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars from VIR Collection of plant genetic resourceshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-1876ШамшинИ. Н.ShamshinI. N.

Мичуринск.

Michurinsk.

ivan_shamshin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8009-6780ШлявасА. В.ShlyavasA. V.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9618-5932ТрифоноваА. А.TrifonovaA. A.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-4949БорисК. В.BorisK. V.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-0730КудрявцевА. М.KudryavtsevA. M.

Москва.

Moscow.

Мичуринский государственный аграрный университет.РоссияMichurinsk State Agrarian University.Russian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР).РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR).Russian FederationИнститут общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук.РоссияVavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS.Russian Federation201825092018226660666Copyright © Шамшин И.Н., Шлявас А.В., Трифонова А.А., Борис К.В., Кудрявцев А.М., 20182018Шамшин И.Н., Шлявас А.В., Трифонова А.А., Борис К.В., Кудрявцев А.М.Shamshin I.N., Shlyavas A.V., Trifonova A.A., Boris K.V., Kudryavtsev A.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1650

В Пушкинских и Павловских лабораториях Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) представлена коллекция разнообразных местных и стародавних сортов яблони. Некоторые из них широко используются в селекционных программах благодаря экологической пластичности, повышенной устойчивости к абиотическому стрессу и болезням, однако масштабных исследований лежкости плодов у местных и стародавних сортов не проводилось. Лежкость плодов является важной проблемой для производителей. Сохранение твердости плодов во время длительного хранения – одно из ключевых требований, предъявляемых к новым сортам яблони. Показано, что гены биосинтеза этилена и экспансина вовлечены в контроль лежкости у яблони, разработаны специфичные молекулярные маркеры для этих генов. В настоящем исследовании проведен анализ аллельного разнообразия генов биосинтеза этилена и экспансина Md-ACS1, Md-ACO1 и Md-Exp7, вовлеченных в контроль лежкости плодов у 87 местных и стародавних сортов яблони из коллекции генетических ресурсов растений ВИР. Были использованы ПЦР-маркеры Md-ACS1, Md-ACO1 и SSR-маркер Md-Exp7. Час- тоты аллелей в изученной коллекции в целом совпадали с данными предыдущих исследований. Аллель 2 гена Md-ACS1, определяющий сниженный уровень синтеза этилена, был выявлен только у трех образцов, в то время как все изученные местные и стародавние сорта были гетерозиготны по локусу Md-ACO1, так же как и большинство изученных ранее современных отечественных сортов яблони. Половина проанализированных образцов были гетерозиготны по локусу Md-Exp7 (198 : 202). Выявлено 13 местных и стародавних сортов, несущих редкие аллели гена Md-Exp7 (206, 210 и 212). Не было обнаружено связи между сочетанием аллелей гена Md-Exp7 и временем созревания изученных сортов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при дополнительной оценке потенциала изученных генотипов яблони для селекции.

At Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) a diverse collec tion of local apple cultivars is maintained. Some of the cultivars are widely used in breeding programs for their ecological plasticity, increased adaptation to abiotic stress and disease resistance, still there have been no large-scale studies of these local cultivars for fruit storage ability. Fruit softening during storage is an important problem for apple production. Retention of desirable firmness after prolonged storage is one of the key requirements for new apple cultivars. Expansin and ethy lene biosynthesis related genes are known to be involved in control of fruit softening in apple, and gene specific molecular markers have been reported. In this study the polymorphism and allelic configuration of ethylene and expansin biosynthesis related genes Md-ACS1, Md-ACO1 and Md-Exp7 involved in control of fruit softening in 87 local apple cultivars from VIR Collection of Plant Genetic Resources were analyzed. PCR markers Md-ACS1, Md-ACO1 and SSR-marker Md-Exp7 were used in the study. The allele frequencies in the collection generally coincided with the data from previous studies. Md-ACS1 allele 2 associated with reduced ethylene production was found only in three local cultivars, while all the studied local cultivars were heterozygous for the Md-ACO1 locus, as well as most modern Russian apple cultivars. Half of the studied local cultivars were heterozygous for Md-Exp7 (198 : 202). Thirteen local cultivars with rare Md-Exp7 alleles (206, 210 and 212) were detected. No association was found between the Md-Exp7 genotype and the cultivars’ maturation time. The obtained results can be used for additional evaluation of the cultivars’ potential for breeding.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.