<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ18.410</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1652</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Селекция растений на иммунитет и продуктивность</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Plant breeding for immunity and performance</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Создание линий озимой пшеницы  с несколькими генами устойчивости  к Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici  для использования в селекционных  программах России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The development of winter wheat lines with several genes for resistance to Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici for use in breeding programs in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2328-2798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапочкина</surname><given-names>И. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapochkina</surname><given-names>I. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inna-lapochkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-2102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0970-662X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнуллин</surname><given-names>Н. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainullin</surname><given-names>N. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname> Volkova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname> Osipova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская область.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Немчиновка».<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Centre “Nemchinovka”.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт биологической защиты растений.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Biological Protection.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>676</fpage><lpage>684</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лапочкина И.Ф., Баранова О.А., Гайнуллин Н.Р., Волкова Г.В., Гладкова Е.В., Ковалева Е.О., Осипова А.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лапочкина И.Ф., Баранова О.А., Гайнуллин Н.Р., Волкова Г.В., Гладкова Е.В., Ковалева Е.О., Осипова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lapochkina I.F., Baranova O.A., Gainullin N.R.,  Volkova G.V., Gladkova E.V., Kovaleva E.O.,  Osipova A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1652">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1652</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель настоящего исследования – создать для Нечернозем ной зоны Российской Федерации конкурентоспособные прототипы сортов озимой пшеницы с несколькими генами устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине на основе новых доноров устойчивости c применением молекулярных маркеров. Разработка исходного материала базировалась на использовании новых источников устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине, выделенных из коллекции генетических ресурсов растений ВИР и коллекции «Арсенал». Для гибридизации и беккроссирования было отобрано три образца озимой пшеницы (пшенично-эгилопсно-ржаная линия 119/4-06rw, сорт Донская полукарликовая, селекцион ная линия GT 96/ 90 из Болгарии) и один образец яровой пшеницы (линия 113/00i-4 с генетическим материалом Aegilops triuncialis). Эти образцы были также устойчивы к популяции бурой ржавчины в Московской области и контрастно дополняли друг друга по таким хозяйственно ценным признакам, как вы сота растения, число дней до колошения и устойчивость к мучнистой росе. Для ускорения селекционного процесса использо вали отбор генотипов по генам устойчивости с помощью мо лекулярных маркеров. В результате были созда ны линии ози мой мягкой пшеницы, несущие комплекс хо зяйственно ценных признаков и от двух до четырех генов устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине в гомозиготном состоянии. Спектр сочетания генов полученных линий отличается от сочетаний генов, взятых в гибридизацию родительских образцов, и связан с направленностью проводимых отбо ров методом маркер-вспомогательной селекции. У линий озимой пшеницы обнаружено 20 различных комбинаций сочетания генов Sr2, Sr22, Sr31, Sr32, Sr36, Sr39, Sr40 и Sr47. Чаще всего встречалось сочетание генов Sr22 и Sr32 в гомозиготном состоянии. Для дальнейшего испытания в селек ционных питомниках Московской области отобраны гено типы с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков, при ближающихся к стандартному сорту озимой пшеницы Московская 39 или превышающих его. Полученный исход ный материал предлагается также для использования в селекции сортов озимой пшеницы, устойчивых к стеблевой ржавчине в различных районах России. Это послужит барьером при рас пространении новых рас стеблевой ржавчины и повысит устойчивость создаваемых сортов к местным популяциям стеблевой ржавчины.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this research is to develop for the Russian Federation Non-Cher nozem Zone competitive prototypes of winter wheat cul tivars with several genes for resistance to stem rust (in clu ding race Ug99) based on new sources of resistance with the use of molecular markers. The individual plants and then lines of winter common wheat with several effective genes for resistance to race Ug99 of stem rust were selected by means of marker assistant selection out of hybrid combinations from the crossing of new donors of resistance to this dangerous disease. The development of initial material was based on the use of new sources of resistance to race Ug99 of stem rust from VIR and “Arsenal” collections. Three accessions of winter wheat (wheat-aegi lops-rye line 119/4-06rw, cv. Donskaya Polukarlikovaya, line GT 96|90 from Bulgaria) and one accession of spring wheat (line 113/00i-4 with genetic material from Aegilops triuncialis), which supplemented and contrasted each other in such economically valuable features as plant height, number of days before heading, resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust, were selected for hybridization and backcrossing. To accelerate the breeding process, resistant genotypes with Sr genes were selected with the use of molecular markers. As a result the lines of winter common wheat with a set of economically valuable features and the presence of two-four genes for resistance to stem rust in homozygote state were created. The spectrum of the stem rust gene combinations in the created lines differs from the gene combinations in the parental accessions involved in the crossing and is associated with the direction of the selections conducted by the marker assisted selection method. We discovered more than 20 different combinations of the Sr2, Sr22, Sr31, Sr32, Sr36, Sr39, Sr40 and Sr47 genes in winter wheat lines. The combination of Sr22 and Sr32 in homozygote state was most often found. The genotypes with a set of economically valuable features approximating or surpassing the standard cultivar of winter wheat Moskov skaya 39 were selected for further testing in breeding nurseries of the Moscow region. The developed initial material is intended for use in selection of winter wheat cultivars resistant to stem rust in different grain-sowing regions of the Russian Federation. This will serve as a barrier for spread of new races of Puccinia graminis and will raise the resistance of selected cultivars to local populations of stem rust.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мягкая пшеница</kwd><kwd>маркер-вспомогательная селекция</kwd><kwd>стеблевая ржавчина</kwd><kwd>пирамида генов устойчивости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bread wheat</kwd><kwd>marker assistant selection</kwd><kwd>stem rust</kwd><kwd>pyramid genes for resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranova O.A., Lapochkina I.F., Anisimova A.V., Gajnullin N.R., Iordanskaya I.V., Makarova I.Yu. Identification of Sr genes in new common wheat sources of resistance to stem rust race Ug99 using molecular markers. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2015;19(3):316­322. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranova O.A., Lapochkina I.F., Anisimova A.V., Gajnullin N.R., Iordanskaya I.V., Makarova I.Yu. Identification of Sr genes in new common wheat sources of resistance to stem rust race Ug99 using molecular markers. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2015;19(3):316­322. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhavani S. Presentation: Breeding durable adult plant resistance to stem rust in spring wheat: Progress made in a decade since the bunch of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative.//BGRI Workshop. 2015. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfWTH7lKiQs.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhavani S. Presentation: Breeding durable adult plant resistance to stem rust in spring wheat: Progress made in a decade since the bunch of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative.//BGRI Workshop. 2015. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfWTH7lKiQs.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bystrov A., Izosimov V. Relationship of the properties of wheat flour and the quality of flour confectionery. Khleboproducty = Bread Products. 2007;7:42­43. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bystrov A., Izosimov V. Relationship of the properties of wheat flour and the quality of flour confectionery. Khleboproducty = Bread Products. 2007;7:42­43. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fetch T. Surveillance of Ug99 stem rust and the search for new resistance genes, 2014. https://www.globalrust.org/sites/default/files/fetch.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fetch T. Surveillance of Ug99 stem rust and the search for new resistance genes, 2014. https://www.globalrust.org/sites/default/files/fetch.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gainullin N.R., Lapochkina I.F. Identification of chromosome rearrangements in accessions of the “Arsenal” collection using SSR markers for the B genome. Abstr. II Vavilov Int. Conf. “Genetic Resources of Cultivated Plants in the 21st Century: State, Problems, Perspectives”. St. Peterburg, 2007; 253­254. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gainullin N.R., Lapochkina I.F. Identification of chromosome rearrangements in accessions of the “Arsenal” collection using SSR markers for the B genome.  Abstr. II Vavilov Int. Conf. “Genetic Resources of Cultivated Plants in the 21st Century: State, Problems, Perspectives”. St. Peterburg, 2007; 253­254. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grens K. Putting Up Resistance. 2014. Available at: http://www.the­scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/40085/title/PuttingUp­Resistance/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grens K. Putting Up Resistance. 2014. Available at: http://www.the­scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/40085/title/PuttingUp­Resistance/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin Y., Szabo L.J., Pretorius Z.A., Singh R.P., Ward R., Fetch T.Jr. Detection of virulence to resistance gene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici. Plant Dis. 2008;92:923­926.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin Y., Szabo L.J., Pretorius Z.A., Singh R.P., Ward R., Fetch T.Jr. Detection of virulence to resistance gene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici. Plant Dis. 2008;92:923­926.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kokhmetova A.M., Atishova M.N. Identification of sources of resistance to wheat stem rust using molecular markers. Russ. J. Genet.: Appl. Res. 2012;2(6):486­493. DOI 10.1134/ S2079059712060081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kokhmetova A.M., Atishova M.N. Identification of sources of resistance to wheat stem rust using molecular markers. Russ. J. Genet.: Appl. Res. 2012;2(6):486­493. DOI 10.1134/ S2079059712060081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lapochkina I.F. Cytogenetic and morphological features of common wheat hybrids obtained with the use of irradiated pollen of Aegilops triuncialis L. Rus. J. Genetics. 1998;34(9):10631068.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapochkina I.F. Cytogenetic and morphological features of common wheat hybrids obtained with the use of irradiated pollen of Aegilops triuncialis L. Rus. J. Genetics. 1998;34(9):10631068.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lapochkina I.F., Baranova O.V., Shamanin V.P., Volkova G.V., Gainullin N.R., Anisimova A.V., Galinger D.N., Lazareva E.N., Gladkova E.V., Vaganova O.F. The development of initial material of spring common wheat for breeding for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici), including the Ug99 race, in Russia. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2016;20(3):320328. DOI 10.18699/VJ16.167. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapochkina I.F., Baranova O.V., Shamanin V.P., Volkova G.V., Gainullin N.R., Anisimova A.V., Galinger D.N., Lazareva E.N., Gladkova E.V., Vaganova O.F. The development of initial material of spring common wheat for breeding for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici), including the Ug99 race, in Russia. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2016;20(3):320328. DOI 10.18699/VJ16.167. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leonova I.N. Molecular markers: Implementation in crop plant breeding for identification, introgression, and gene pyramiding. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2013;17(2):314­325. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonova I.N. Molecular markers: Implementation in crop plant breeding for identification, introgression, and gene pyramiding. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2013;17(2):314­325. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Letta T., Maccaferri M., Badebo A., Ammar K., Ricci A., Crossa J., Tuberosa R. Searching for novel sources of field resistance to Ug99 and Ethiopian stem rust races in durum wheat via association mapping. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2013;126(5):1237­1256. DOI 10.1007/s00122­013­2050­8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letta T., Maccaferri M., Badebo A., Ammar K., Ricci A., Crossa J., Tuberosa R. Searching for novel sources of field resistance to Ug99 and Ethiopian stem rust races in durum wheat via association mapping. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2013;126(5):1237­1256. DOI 10.1007/s00122­013­2050­8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez­Vera E.E., Nelson S., Singh R.P., Basnet B.R., Haley S.D., Bhavani S., Huerta­Espino J., Xoconostle­Cazares B.G., RuizMedrano R., Rouse M.N., Singh S. Resistance to stem rust Ug99 in six bread wheat cultivars maps to chromosome 6DS. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2014;127:231­239. DOI 10.1007/s00122013­2212­8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez­Vera E.E., Nelson S., Singh R.P., Basnet B.R., Haley S.D., Bhavani S., Huerta­Espino J., Xoconostle­Cazares B.G., RuizMedrano R., Rouse M.N., Singh S. Resistance to stem rust Ug99 in six bread wheat cultivars maps to chromosome 6DS. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2014;127:231­239. DOI 10.1007/s00122013­2212­8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martynov S.P. Statistical and biometric­genetic analysis in plant industry and breeding. Program Package AGROS, version 2.09. Tver, 1999. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martynov S.P. Statistical and biometric­genetic analysis in plant industry and breeding. Program Package AGROS, version 2.09. Tver, 1999. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miedaner T., Korzun V. Marker­assisted selection for disease resistance in wheat and barley breeding. Phytopathology. 2012;102:560­566. DOI 10.1094/PHYTO­05­11­0157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miedaner T., Korzun V. Marker­assisted selection for disease resistance in wheat and barley breeding. Phytopathology. 2012;102:560­566. DOI 10.1094/PHYTO­05­11­0157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukhitov L.A. Resistance of wheat varieties of Orenburg selection to the major grain crops diseases under the conditions of South Urals forest­steppe zone. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo Agrarnogo Universiteta = Proc. Orenburg Agrarian University. 2011;4(32):61­63. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhitov L.A. Resistance of wheat varieties of Orenburg selection to the major grain crops diseases under the conditions of South Urals forest­steppe zone. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo Agrarnogo Universiteta = Proc. Orenburg Agrarian University. 2011;4(32):61­63. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Periyannan S., Moore J., Ayliffe M., Bansal U., Wang X., Huang L., Deal K., Luo M., Kong X., Bariana H., Mago R., McIntosh R., Dodds P., Dvorak J., Lagudah E. The gene Sr33, an ortholog of barley Mla genes, encodes resistance to wheat stem rust race Ug99. Science. 2013;341(6147):786­788. DOI 10.1126/science.1239028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Periyannan S., Moore J., Ayliffe M., Bansal U., Wang X., Huang L., Deal K., Luo M., Kong X., Bariana H., Mago R., McIntosh R., Dodds P., Dvorak J., Lagudah E. The gene Sr33, an ortholog of barley Mla genes, encodes resistance to wheat stem rust race Ug99. Science. 2013;341(6147):786­788. DOI 10.1126/science.1239028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roelfs A.P., Singh R.P., Saari E.E. Rust Diseases of Wheat: Concepts and Methods of Disease Management. CIMMYT, Mexico, D.F., 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roelfs A.P., Singh R.P., Saari E.E. Rust Diseases of Wheat: Concepts and Methods of Disease Management. CIMMYT, Mexico, D.F., 1992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rsaliev Sh.S. The virulence of new stem rust pathotypes in Kazakhstan. The Second All­Russian Conf. “Modern Problems of Immunity to Pests in Plants”. St. Petersburg, 2008;87­90. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rsaliev Sh.S. The virulence of new stem rust pathotypes in Kazakhstan. The Second All­Russian Conf. “Modern Problems of Immunity to Pests in Plants”. St. Petersburg, 2008;87­90. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saintenac C., Zhang W., Salcedo A., Rouse M.N., Trick H.N., Akhu nov E., Dubcovsky J. Identification of wheat gene Sr35 that confers resistance to Ug99 stem rust race Group. Science. 2013;341(6147): 783­786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saintenac C., Zhang W., Salcedo A., Rouse M.N., Trick H.N., Akhu nov E., Dubcovsky J. Identification of wheat gene Sr35 that confers resistance to Ug99 stem rust race Group. Science. 2013;341(6147): 783­786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shamanin V.P., Morgunov A.I., Petukhovskiy S.L., Likhenko I.E., Levshunov M.A., Salina E.A., Pototskaya I.V., Tru shchenko A.Yu. Breeding of spring soft wheat for resistance to stem rust in West Siberia. Ministry of Agriculture. Omsk Stolypin State Agrarian University, 2015. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamanin V.P., Morgunov A.I., Petukhovskiy S.L., Likhenko I.E., Levshunov M.A., Salina E.A., Pototskaya I.V., Tru shchenko A.Yu. Breeding of spring soft wheat for resistance to stem rust in West Siberia. Ministry of Agriculture. Omsk Stolypin State Agrarian University, 2015. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shamanin V.P., Pototskaya I.V., Morgu nov A.I., Chursin A.S., Shepelev S.S., Pozerukova I.E., Kleva kina M.V. Breeding of spring bread wheat for resistance to stem rust in southern forest­steppe of Western Siberia. Proc. Int. Scientific and Research Conf. with Elements of School for Young Scientists and Students. Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow oblast. 2016; 283­288. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamanin V.P., Pototskaya I.V., Morgu nov A.I., Chursin A.S., Shepelev S.S., Pozerukova I.E., Kleva kina M.V. Breeding of spring bread wheat for resistance to stem rust in southern forest­steppe of Western Siberia. Proc. Int. Scientific and Research Conf. with Elements of School for Young Scientists and Students. Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow oblast. 2016; 283­288. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shamanin V., Salina E., Wanyera R., Zelenski Y., Olivera P., Morgunov A. Genetic diversity of spring wheat from Kazakhstan and Russia for resistance to stem rust Ug99. Euphytica. 2016;212:287­296. DOI 10.1007/s10681­016­1769­0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamanin V., Salina E., Wanyera R., Zelenski Y., Olivera P., Morgunov A. Genetic diversity of spring wheat from Kazakhstan and Russia for resistance to stem rust Ug99. Euphytica. 2016;212:287­296. DOI 10.1007/s10681­016­1769­0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sibikeev S.N., Voronina S.A., Druzhin A.E., Badaeva E.D. Study of resistance to leaf and stem rust in Triticum aestivum–Aegilops speltoides lines. Russ. J. Genet.: Appl. Res. 2016;6(4):351356. DOI 10.1134/S2079059716040183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibikeev S.N., Voronina S.A., Druzhin A.E., Badaeva E.D. Study of resistance to leaf and stem rust in Triticum aestivum–Aegilops speltoides lines. Russ. J. Genet.: Appl. Res. 2016;6(4):351356. DOI 10.1134/S2079059716040183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh R.P., Hodson D.P., Huerta­Espino J., Jin Y., Bhavani S., Njau P., Herrera­Foessel S., Singh P.K., Singh S., Govindan V. The emergence of Ug99 races of the stem rust fungus is a threat to world wheat production. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2011;49:465481. DOI 10.1146/annurev­phyto­072910­095423.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh R.P., Hodson D.P., Huerta­Espino J., Jin Y., Bhavani S., Njau P., Herrera­Foessel S., Singh P.K., Singh S., Govindan V. The emergence of Ug99 races of the stem rust fungus is a threat to world wheat production. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2011;49:465481. DOI 10.1146/annurev­phyto­072910­095423.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stakman E.C., Levine M.N. The determination of biologic forms of Puccinia graminis on Triticum spp. Minn. Agric. Res. Stn. Bull. 1922;8:1­10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stakman E.C., Levine M.N. The determination of biologic forms of Puccinia graminis on Triticum spp. Minn. Agric. Res. Stn. Bull. 1922;8:1­10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkova G.V., Kremneva O.Yu., Shumilov Yu.V., Sinyak E.V., Vaganova O.F., Danilova A.V., Trofimova I.A. Intraspecific and intrapopulational diversity of winter grain pathogens in southern Russia. Modern Mycology in Russia. Proceedings of the III Int. Mycological Forum. 2015;(5):155­156. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkova G.V., Kremneva O.Yu., Shumilov Yu.V., Sinyak E.V., Vaganova O.F., Danilova A.V., Trofimova I.A. Intraspecific and intrapopulational diversity of winter grain pathogens in southern Russia. Modern Mycology in Russia. Proceedings of the III Int. Mycological Forum. 2015;(5):155­156. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkova G.V., Shumilov Yu.V., Gladkova E.V., Vaganova O.F. Efficiency of known genes for resistance to North Caucasian populations of yellow, stem, and brown rust agents. Nauka Kubani = Science of Kuban. 2016;(2):17­23. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkova G.V., Shumilov Yu.V., Gladkova E.V., Vaganova O.F. Efficiency of known genes for resistance to North Caucasian populations of yellow, stem, and brown rust agents. Nauka Kubani = Science of Kuban. 2016;(2):17­23. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkova G.V., Sinyak E.V. Stem rust of wheat. Zashchita i Karantin Rasteniy = Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2011;11:14­16. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkova G.V., Sinyak E.V. Stem rust of wheat. Zashchita i Karantin Rasteniy = Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2011;11:14­16. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
