vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ18.417vavilov-1660Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХANIMAL GENETICSГенетическая изменчивость бурятской и алтайской пород крупного рогатого скота, оцененная на основе анализа полиморфизма генов GH1, GHR и PRLAnalysis of GH1, GHR and PRL gene polymorphisms for estimation of the genetic diversity of Buryat and Altai cattle breedshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-3615ЛазебнаяИ. В.LazebnayaI. V.

Москва.

Moscow.

Lazebnaya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-4335ПерчунА. В.PerchunA. V.

Владимир.

Vladimir.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-5106ЛхасарановБ. Б.LhasaranovB. B.

Улан-Удэ.

Ulan-Ude.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3136-0415ЛазебныйО. Е.LazebnyO. E.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-1900СтолповскийЮ. А.StolpovskiyYu. A.

Москва.

Moscow.

Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук.РоссияVavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS.Russian FederationФедеральный центр охраны здоровья животных.РоссияFederal Centre for Animal Health.Russian FederationОбщество с ограниченной ответственностью «Шулуута», Республика Бурятия.РоссияLtd Shuluuta, Buryatia.Russian FederationИнститут биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова Российской академии наук.РоссияKoltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, RAS.Russian Federation201826092018226734741Copyright © Лазебная И.В., Перчун А.В., Лхасаранов Б.Б., Лазебный О.Е., Столповский Ю.А., 20182018Лазебная И.В., Перчун А.В., Лхасаранов Б.Б., Лазебный О.Е., Столповский Ю.А.Lazebnaya I.V., Perchun A.V., Lhasaranov B.B., Lazebny O.E., Stolpovskiy Y.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1660

Малочисленные уникальные бурятская и алтайская породы крупного рогатого скота турано-монгольского корня хорошо адаптированы к суровым условиям континентального климата региона обитания. Информация о популяционно-генетической структуре этих пород практически отсутствует. В настоящей работе выполнен анализ генетической изменчивости следующих генов-кандидатов: GH1 (AC_000176.1: хромосома 19, экзон 5, rs41923484, g.2141C>G, L127V), GHR (AC_000177.1: хромосома 20, экзон 10, rs109300983, g.257A>G, S555G), PRL (AC_000180.1: хромосома 23, экзон 3, g.35108342A>G) в выборках бурятской породы из трех сопредельных государств – России, Китая и Монголии, а также аборигенной алтайской породы (Россия), относящихся в соответствии с происхождением к турано-монгольскому корню. Российская выборка бурятского скота дифференцируется от монгольской выборки этой породы на основе попарных значений G-теста и FST по изменчивости RsaI-локуса гена PRL и от китайской выборки – на основе значений G-теста для AluI-локуса гена GH1. При этом все выборки бурятского скота ведут себя согласованно в отношении алтайской породы, четко отличаясь от нее по данным G-теста и FST для локуса гена GHR и по значениям FST для комплекса локусов генов PRL, GH1 и GHR. Генетические расстояния Нея на основе комплекса генов также отделяют бурятскую и алтайскую породу. Наибольший вклад в межпородную дифференциацию двух пород вносит изменчивость гена GHR, что зафиксировано в результатах AMOVA (16 %) и FST (0.12–0.27). Кластерный анализ, выполненный в программе STRUCTURE, выявил четыре кластера в алтайской породе крупного рогатого скота, китайской и монгольской выборках бурятского скота, которые представлены специфично в каждой выборке. У российского бурятского скота отсутствует один кластер, его частота в других выборках достигает 15 %. Различия на внутрипородном уровне у бурятской породы определяют локусы генов PRL и GH1, на межпородном с алтайской породой – исследованный локус гена GHR, что отражает неодинаковый вклад разных локусов. Анализ на неравновесие по сцеплению генов доказал достоверное сцепление следующих пар генов у бурятской породы: GH1-GHR, GH1PRL, GHR-PRL.

Small and unique Buryat and Altai cattle breeds of TuranoMongolian origin are well adapted to harsh conditions of the continental climate to be their habitat. However, the population-genetic structure of the breeds has been poorly studied. This paper presents the results of analysis of polymorphisms GH1 (AC_000176.1: BTA 19, exon 5, rs41923484, g.2141C>G, L127V), GHR (AC_000177.1: BTA 20, exon 10, rs109300983, g.257A>G, S555G) and PRL (AC_000180.1: BTA 23, exon 3, g.35108342A>G) in the samples of Buryat cattle breed of Russia, China and Mongolia, and indigenous Altai cattle breed (Russia) that belong to TuranoMongolian cattle. The Russian sample of Buryat breed was differentiated from the Mongolian sample based on pairwise G-test and FST values for the PRL-RsaI polymorphism and from the Chinese sample – based on pairwise G-test values for the GH1-AluI polymorphism. All the three samples of Buryat breed clearly differed from the sample of Altai breed based on pairwise G-test and FST values for the GHR-AluI polymorphism as well as on the base of FST values for the joint polymorphism of the three genes. Nei’s genetic distances calculated from the three gene polymorphisms also confirmed the difference between the two breeds. The results of AMOVA demonstrated that GHR gene variability (16 %) gave the largest contribution to the differentiation that was confirmed by FST values (0.12–0.27). The STRUCTURE software enabled us to reveal four clusters, with a specific ratio for each sample, in the Chinese and Mongolian samples of Buryat breed, and in the sample of Altai breed, while the Russian sample of Buryat breed had only three clusters. The differences within the breed level were determined based on the GH1-AluI and PRL-RsaI polymorphisms, while at the inter-breed level – based on the GHR-AluI polymorphism. Linkage disequilibrium analysis demonstrated significant linkage of the following pairs of genes in the Buryat breed: GH1-GHR, GH1-PRL, GHR-PRL.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.