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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ18.430</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1723</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение изменчивости ядерных последовательностей митохондриального происхождения, ассоциированных с инсерциями ретротранспозона Tv1, у видов дрозофил из группы virilis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic variation of the nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin associated with retrotransposon Tv1 insertions in Drosophila species of the virilis group</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрианов</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrianov</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrianovb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3340-9278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-0626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова, Российская академия наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>887</fpage><lpage>894</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андрианов Б.В., Романов Д.А., Горелова Т.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андрианов Б.В., Романов Д.А., Горелова Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andrianov B.V., Romanov D.A., Gorelova T.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1723">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1723</self-uri><abstract><p>Митохондриальные последовательности, интегрированные в ДНК хромосом, - перспективный объект для разработки генетических маркеров филогенеза и геномной нестабильности. Митохондриальный геном D. virilis и других видов дрозофил из группы virilis содержит микросател-литные последовательности (AT)n в спейсерной области между генами atp6 и cox3, что является отличительным признаком группы virilis. Ядерный геном D. virilis содержит большое количество протяженных фрагментов митохондриальной ДНК, которые в сумме в несколько раз длиннее митохондриального генома. Эти ядерные последовательности митохондриального происхождения содержат все типы митохондриальных последовательностей, в том числе митохондриальные гены и микросателлитные последовательности (AT)n в спейсерной области между генами atp6 и cox3. Наличие микросателлита (AT)n обеспечивает возможность инсерции ретротранспозона Tv1, имеющего свойство встраиваться сайт-специфично в последовательности микросателлита (AT)n. В результате инсерции транспозона в микросателлит образуется уникальная последовательность, образованная ядерной копией гена atp6 или cox3 и ретротранспозоном Tv1, которая может быть выделена из генома методом ПЦР. Используя этот подход, мы выявили и проанализировали нуклеотидную изменчивость псевдогенов atp6 и cox3, ассоциированных с инсерциями Tv1, в клеточной культуре D. virilis и у четырех видов дрозофил из группы virilis: D. virilis, D. montana, D. borealis и D. lacicola. Выявлены новые события переноса митохондриальных последовательностей в ядро клетки в пересеваемой культуре D. virilis и новые события инсерций ретротранспозона Tv1 в геноме клеток пересеваемой культуры, возникших в ходе пассирования данной клеточной линии. Показана видоспецифичность фрагментов митохондриальных псевдогенов atp6 и cox3, ассоциированных с инсерциями ретротранспозона Tv1, в ядерном геноме видов дрозофил из группы virilis, позволяющая идентифицировать виды группы. Возраст инсерций Tv1 в последовательности митохондриального происхождения у D. virilis равен 1.50 млн лет, D. lacicola – 1.31 млн лет, D. borealis - 1.56 млн лет. Особая ситуация найдена для D. montana. У этого вида выявлена инсерция с практически идентичными 5' и 3' длинными концевыми повторами в линиях мух европейского и азиатского происхождения. Возраст инсерции около 300 тыс. лет, и она отсутствует у линии D. montana из Северной Америки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mitochondrial DNA sequences integrated into chromosomes are a promising object for designing genetic markers for studies of phylogenesis and genomic instability. Mitochondrial genomes of D. virilis and other Drosophila species of the virilis group contain (AT)n microsatellites in the spacer region between the atp6 and cox3 genes, and this microsatellite sequence is one of the hallmarks of the virilis group. The nuclear genome of D. virilis contains many extended fragments of mitochondrial DNA, which in total are several times longer than the mitochondrial genome. These nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin contain all types of mitochondrial sequences, including mitochondrial genes and the aforementioned microsatellite sequence. The presence of the (AT)n microsatellite allows insertion of retrotransposon Tv1, which can transpose into the (AT)n microsatellite in a site-specific manner. The Tv1 insertion into (AT)n, close to the atp6 or cox3 pseudogenes produces a unique sequence. This sequence is formed by retrotransposon Tv1 and pseudogenes atp6 or cox3. This unique sequence can be detected in the genome by a PCR-based method. We applied this method to the detection and analysis of the nucleotide variability of the pseudogenes atp6 and cox3 associated with Tv1 insertions in a D. virilis cell culture and in the genomes of four Drosophila species of the virilis group: D. virilis, D. montana, D. borealis, and D. lacicola. We discovered new events of mitochondrial sequence transfer to the nucleus in the transplanted cell culture of D. virilis, and new Tv1 insertions, having emerged during the passage of this cell line were detected in the genome of the D. virilis transplanted cell culture. We found atp6 and cox3 pseudogenes associated with insertions of retrotransposon Tv1 in the nuclear genomes of four Drosophila species from the virilis group. These chimeric sequences proved to be species-specific. The age of the Tv1 insertion into the atp6 and cox3 pseudogenes is estimated at 1.50 Ma for D. virilis, 1.31 Ma for D. lacicola, and 1.56 Ma for D. borealis. A specific situation was revealed for D. montana, in which Tv1 insertions with nearly identical 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (LTRs) were present in accessions of flies from Europe and Asia. The age of this insertion was about 300 thousand years, and the insertion was absent from the D. montana fly line from North America.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>митохондриальный геном</kwd><kwd>ретротранспо-зоны</kwd><kwd>numts</kwd><kwd>Drosophila</kwd><kwd>группа virilis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mitochondrial genome</kwd><kwd>retrotransposons</kwd><kwd>numts</kwd><kwd>Drosophila</kwd><kwd>virilis group</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Project AAAA-A16-116111610180-3 “Study of variability of autonomous genetic elements of insects and development of markers of genome instability”, contract 0112-2016-0001</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrianov B., Goryacheva I., Mugue N., Sorokina S., Gorelova T., Mitrofanov V Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genomes in Drosophila virilis species group (Diptera: Drosophi-lidae). 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