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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ18.431</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1724</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОПУЛЯЦИОННАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POPULATION GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реконструкция структуры генофонда казахов по данным об их родорасселении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reconstructing the genetic structure of the Kazakh from clan distribution data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-0610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жабагин</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhabagin</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">balanovsky@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-6889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балановский</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balanovsky</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mzhabagin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-156X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабитов</surname><given-names>Ж. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabitov</surname><given-names>Zh. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-9668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темиргалиев</surname><given-names>А. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Temirgaliyev</surname><given-names>A. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-2934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агджоян</surname><given-names>А. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agdzhoyan</surname><given-names>A. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4540-2922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошель</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshel</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-4497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раманкулов</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramankulov</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-8300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балановская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balanovska</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр биотехнологии; National Laboratory Astana, Назарбаев Университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Center for Biotechnology; National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук; Медико-генетический научный центр; Биобанк Северной Евразии<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS; Research Centre for Medical Genetics; Biobank of North Eurasia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Евразийский Национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук; Медико-генетический научный центр<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS; Research Centre for Medical Genetics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр биотехнологии<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Center for Biotechnology<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медико-генетический научный центр; Биобанк Северной Евразии<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics; Biobank of North Eurasia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>895</fpage><lpage>904</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жабагин М.К., Балановский О.П., Сабитов Ж.М., Темиргалиев А.З., Агджоян А.Т., Кошель С.М., Раманкулов Е.М., Балановская Е.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жабагин М.К., Балановский О.П., Сабитов Ж.М., Темиргалиев А.З., Агджоян А.Т., Кошель С.М., Раманкулов Е.М., Балановская Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhabagin M.K., Balanovsky О.Е., Sabitov Z.M., Temirgaliyev A.Z., Agdzhoyan A.T., Koshel S.M., Ramankulov Е.М., Balanovska E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1724">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1724</self-uri><abstract><p>Использование для изучения генофонда квазигенетических маркеров - признаков небиологической природы (фамилия, род), но четко наследующихся в поколениях, - одно из направлений в популяционной генетике человека. Если для популяций Западной Европы, европейской части России и Кавказа в роли квазигенетических маркеров выступают фамилии, то для популяций Центральной Азии эффективным квазигенетическим маркером является родовая принадлежность. В ряде исследований было показано, что для центральноазиатских популяций, в особенности казахов, во многих родах прослеживается происхождение большинства членов рода от общего биологического предка. В настоящей работе представлен анализ большого массива данных о 50 казахских родах у ~4.2 млн человек в начале XX века в сравнении с разнообразием Y-хромосомы в современных казахских популяциях. Анализ состоял из трех блоков: описание разнообразия квазигенетических маркеров стандартным методом изонимии; сравнение популяций по частотам квазигенетических маркеров; сравнение квазигенетических и генетических данных. Построено 50 карт частоты представленности каждого рода на территории Казахстана и ряда смежных территорий. Показано, что эти карты частот квазигенетических маркеров оказываются скоррелированы с картами генетических расстояний. О связи генетических и квазигенетических расстояний свидетельствует и тест Мантеля: обнаружена достоверная корреляция между матрицами географических и квазигенетических расстояний (г = 0.60; p &lt; 0.05). Анализ межпопуляционной изменчивости выявляет наибольшее межгрупповое разнообразие между географическими территориями, соответствующими социально-территориальным объединениям казахского ханства -жузам, нежели другим историческим территориальным объединениям (феодальные государства, улусы, области), существовавшим на территории Казахстана в предшествующие и современную эпохи. С этими результатами согласуются графики главных компонент и многомерного шкалирования, на которых географические популяции объединяются в три кластера, соответствующие социально-территориальным объединениям - трем жузам. Это указывает на то, что окончательное структурирование казахского генофонда могло произойти в эпоху существования казахского ханства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Applying quasigenetic markers - non-biological traits which are nevertheless inherited in generations - is one of the research fields within human population genetics. For the West European, East European, and Caucasus populations, surnames are typical quasigenetic markers. For Central Asian populations, particularly Kazakh, the clan affiliation serves as a good marker: a set of papers demonstrated that many clans include mainly persons which biologically descent from a recent common ancestor. In this study, we analyzed a large (~4.2 million persons) dataset on quasigenetic markers - the geographic distribution of 50 Kazakh clans at the beginning of the 20th century, and compared the dataset with the direct data of the Y-chro-mosomal diversity in modern Kazakh populations. The analysis included three steps: the isonymy method, which is standard for quasigenetic markers, comparing frequencies of quasigenetic markers, and comparing the quasigenetic and genetic datasets. We constructed 50 maps of frequency of the distribution of each clan and revealed that these maps correlate with the maps of genetic distances. The Mantel test also demonstrated a significant correlation between geographic and quasigenetic distances (г = 0.60; p &lt; 0.05). The analysis of inter-population variability revealed the largest diversity between geographic territories corresponding to the social-territorial groups of the Kazakh Khanate (zhuzes) rather than to other historical groups that existed on the territory of Kazakhstan in preceding and modern epochs. The same is evidenced by the principal components and multidimensional scaling plots, which grouped geographic populations into three clusters corresponding to three zhuzes. This indicates that the final structuring of the Kazakh gene pool might have occurred during the Kazakh Khanate period.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генофонд</kwd><kwd>геногеография</kwd><kwd>квазигенетические маркеры</kwd><kwd>казахи</kwd><kwd>родорасселение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene pool</kwd><kwd>gene geography</kwd><kwd>quasigenetic markers</kwd><kwd>Kazakh</kwd><kwd>clan</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан (№ AP05134955), в рамках темы Государственного задания ФАНО России для Медико-генетического научного центра и Государственного задания ФАНО России для ИОГен РАН (тема АААА-А16-116Ш610171-1); РФФИ, научный проект № 17-304-50005 «мол_нр»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аманжолов С.А. 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