References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

vavilov-175

Research Article

Статьи

Articles

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ СЛОЖНОСТЬ И КОНТЕКСТ-СПЕЦИФИЧНОСТЬ ПРИЗНАКОВ УРОЖАЯ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАСУШЛИВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

GENETIC COMPLEXITY AND CONTEXT SPECIFICITY OF TRAITS IMPROVING WHEAT YIELD UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

Крупнов

В. А.

Krupnov

V. A.

raiser_saratov@mail.ru

Государственное научное учреждение Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Юго-Востока, Саратов, РоссияРоссияAgricultural Research Institute for South-East Regions, Saratov, RussiaRussian Federation

2013

02012015

173524534

2015

Крупнов В.А.

Krupnov V.A.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/175

В засушливых регионах дефицит воды разной продолжительности и интенсивности часто сочетается с жарой и другими и стрессами, и лишь изредка встречаются годы с благоприятным увлажнением. В этих контрастных условиях ведущую роль в урожае зерна играет образ жизни сорта (озимые, яровые, продолжительность вегетационного периода) и технология. Например, в конце ХХ в. в Поволжье РФ потепление в зимний период и улучшение технологии позволили озимой пшенице почти повсеместно вытеснить яровую. Идентификация и маркирование QTL открыли новые возможности для выявления генетических различий между генотипами по каждому признаку, на которые опирается традиционная селекция, более обоснованно подбирать родительские пары для скрещивания и проводить отбор. Однако эффект QTL, как правило, в огромной степени зависит, с одной стороны, от генетического фона (плейотропия, эпистаз, использование чужеродных генов), с другой –от внешней среды (время и интенсивность засухи, технология выращивания) и взаимодействия между аллелями и внешней средой. Все это вынуждает в каждом селекционном цикле каждый новый рекомбинантный генотип подвергать генетической идентификации в единстве с аккуратным фенотипированием. В условиях ограниченного финансирования селекции наибольшую пользу от использований ДНК-технологий можно ожидать лишь на популяциях от скрещиваний лучших элитных сортов и перспективных линий и тогда, когда для улучшения признака(ов) одно традиционное фенотипирование, без дополнения генотипированием, безуспешно.

Under drought conditions, water shortage of varying duration and intensity is often combined with heat and other stresses, and years with favorable moisture are occasional. In these contrasting conditions, the key role in grain yield is played by growth habit, growing period, and technology. For example, in the late twentieth century temperate winters in the Volga region of Russia and improved technology allowed winter wheat to supplant spring wheat almost everywhere in the region. Identification and labeling of QTL has opened up new opportunities for identifying genetic differences between genotypes for each trait underlying traditional breeding, obtaining more information on parents to choose a pair of crosses, and performing selection. However, the effect of QTL, typically depends mainly on the genetic background (pleiotropy, epistasis, and use of alien genes), environment (time and intensity of drought, growth technology) and interaction between alleles and the environment. These factors demand that in each breeding cycle each new recombinant genotype be subjected to genetic identification together with accurate phenotyping. With resource-limited funding of breeding, the greatest benefit from the use of DNA technology can only be expected when working on populations, derived from crosses between of elite varieties and promising lines, and when traits cannot be improved solely by traditional phenotyping, not supplemented by genotyping.

пшеницамолекулярная селекциямолекулярные маркерыгенотипфенотиппризнаккартированиефенологияуборочный индекслинииабиотические факторы среды

wheatmolecular breedingmolecular markersquantitative trait loci (QTL)mappingphenologyharvest indexphenotypingadvanced lines

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.