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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ18.438</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1797</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНОФОНД И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT GENE POOL AND BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Маш и урд: перспективы возделывания и селекции в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Green gram and black gram: prospects of cultivation and breeding in Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-7745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">m.vishnyakova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3708-2594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурляева</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burlyaeva</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>957</fpage><lpage>966</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вишнякова М.А., Бурляева М.О., Самсонова М.Г., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вишнякова М.А., Бурляева М.О., Самсонова М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vishnyakova M.A., Burlyaeva M.O., Samsonova M.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1797">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1797</self-uri><abstract><p>Расширение разнообразия продукции растениеводства в Российской Федерации может быть отчасти достигнуто интродукцией и привлечением в производство малораспространенных и недооцененных сельскохозяйственных культур. Маш (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) и урд (V. mungo (L.) Hepper) – зернобобовые культуры, возделываемые на ограниченных площадях в РФ. Между тем маш занимает около 8.5 % мировых производственных площадей под зернобобовыми культурами (без сои). Его культивируют преимущественно в странах ЮгоВосточной Азии, однако в настоящее время возделывание культуры расширяется на весь субтропический пояс земного шара. В Российской Федерации эти культуры можно с успехом выращивать на поливе в ряде регионов юга Европейской части страны и Дальнего Востока, где температуры во время их вегетации около 28–30 °C и всегда выше 15 °C. Цель этой статьи – обобщение мирового опыта возделывания и селекционного улучшения маша и урда как культур, перспективных для выращивания в определенных почвенно-климатических зонах Российской Федерации. Освещаются мировое производство, направления использования этих высокобелковых культур, история и особенности селекции, в том числе в СССР. Для расширения культивирования обеих культур в РФ необходимы их популяризация и развитие селекции. Основные требования к современным сортам включают устойчивость к биотическим и абиотическим стрессорам, которая может быть интрогрессирована из диких родичей. Большое значение обеих культур в странах Азии привело к бурному развитию там молекулярных исследований. Геном урда секвенирован, геном маша секвенирован частично. Маркированы и картированы некоторые гены и QTL признаков адаптивности у ряда диких видов рода Vigna. Обсуждается роль диких родичей в селекции маша и урда. В мировых генбанках накоплены значительные генетические ресурсы обеих культур. Все это создает предпосылки для развития маркер-опосредованной и геномной селекции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diversifcation of crop production in the Russian Federation could be partly achieved by the introduction and production of minor and underutilized crops. Green gram or mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) and black gram or urd (V. mungo (L.) Hepper) are grain legume crops cultivated in limited areas in the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, green gram occupies about 8.5 % of the world production area under pulses (without soybean). It is cultivated mainly in countries of Southeast Asia, but production is expanding to the entire subtropical belt of the globe. In our country these crops can be successfully grown on irrigation in a number of regions in the southern area of the European part and the Russian Far East, where the temperatures during their vegetation are about 28–30 °C and always above 15 °C. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the world’s experience in breeding improvement of mung bean and urd as crops with promise for cultivation in certain soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation. The world production, use of these high-protein crops, history and peculiarities of breeding, including in the USSR, are covered. To expand the production of both crops in the Russian Federation, their popularization and development of breeding are required. Basic requirements for modern varieties include resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors which can be introgressed from wild relatives. The great importance of both crops in the Asian countries led to the rapid development of molecular researches there. The genome of black gram has been fully sequenced, the genome of green gram has been partly sequenced. Some genes and QTL of adaptability traits have been marked and mapped in a number of wild species of the genus Vigna. The role of wild relatives in the breeding of crops concerned is discussed. In the world genebanks, signifcant genetic resources of mung bean and urd have been accumulated. All this creates prerequisites for the development of marker-assistant and genomic breeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>маш</kwd><kwd>урд</kwd><kwd>зернобобовые культуры</kwd><kwd>признаки</kwd><kwd>возделывание</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>генетические ресурсы</kwd><kwd>геномные ресурсы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>green gram</kwd><kwd>black gram</kwd><kwd>pulses</kwd><kwd>biological features</kwd><kwd>production</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>genetic resources</kwd><kwd>genomic resources</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурляева М.О., Гуркина М.В., Тихонова Н.И. Маш, урд. Исходный материал для селекции при орошении в условиях Прикаспийской низменности. Каталог мировой коллекции ВИР. Вып. 818. СПб., 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burlyaeva M.O., Gurkina M.V., Tikhonova N.I. 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