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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ18.439</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1798</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные подходы и достижения в изучении расового состава стеблевой ржавчины пшеницы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Principal approaches and achievements in studying race composition of wheat stem rust</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-6076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рсалиев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rsaliyev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">aralbek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рсалиев</surname><given-names>Ш. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rsaliyev</surname><given-names>Sh. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологической безопасности<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский научно-исследовательский институт земледелия и растениеводства<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazakh Research Institute of Farming and Crop Science<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>967</fpage><lpage>977</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рсалиев А.С., Рсалиев Ш.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рсалиев А.С., Рсалиев Ш.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rsaliyev A.S., Rsaliyev S.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1798">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1798</self-uri><abstract><p>Стеблевая ржавчина пшеницы, вызываемая биотрофным грибом Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, – опасное заболевание, наносящее серьезный экономический ущерб в большинстве стран мира. В обзоре приведены сведения об эпидемиях стеблевой ржавчины пшеницы и причинах их возникновения в мире. В последние годы отмечаются эпидемии стеблевой ржавчины пшеницы в северных регионах Казахстана и на территориях, сопредельных Омской области России. Установлено, что сильные эпидемии стеблевой ржавчины в основном происходят в связи с появлением новых вирулентных рас возбудителя болезни и возделыванием восприимчивых сортов пшеницы. Рассматриваются методы определения расового состава гриба, в том числе старые и современные наборы сортов-дифференциаторов для определения расовой принадлежности P. graminis f. sp. tritici. Представлены результаты разработки молекулярных маркеров и оценки эффективности их использования в изучении рас стеблевой ржавчины. Описаны доминирующие расы стеблевой ржавчины пшеницы и их характерные особенности в основных зерносеющих странах мира. Приведены данные по идентификации расы Ug99 и ее вариантов, включая их распространение и вирулентность к сортам с ранее эффективными генами устойчивости Sr, и информация о существовании и появлении других высоковирулентных рас P. graminis f. sp. tritici, отличающихся от расы Ug99 по признаку вирулентности и молекулярным маркерам. Обобщены исторические и современные данные по изучению расового состава патогена в Казахстане. Отмечается, что проведение экспериментов с использованием старого стандартного набора сортов-дифференциаторов и неполного набора североамериканской системы номенклатуры рас не позволяет оценить степень сходства казахстанских рас с известными расами гриба в мире. В Казахстане необходимо продолжить изучение внутривидовой структуры популяции возбудителя болезни с использованием современного набора сортов-дифференциаторов, а также определение расового состава и путей возникновения новых рас, потенциально опасных для коммерческих сортов пшеницы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p> Wheat stem rust caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is a dangerous disease that seriously damages the economics in many countries of the world. The review contains information about epidemics of wheat stem rust and causes of their emergence worldwide. Recently wheat stem rust epidemics have been recorded in the northern regions of Kazakhstan and on the territories adjacent to Omsk Region of Russia. It has been shown that severe wheat stem rust epidemics occur mainly due to the emergence of new virulent races of the disease agent and to growing susceptible wheat cultivars. New methods of studying the race composition of the fungus are described as well as the use of the previous and current diﬀerential sets for race determination of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. The results of developing molecular markers and assessing their eﬀectiveness in studying stem rust races are presented. Wheat stem rust races dominant in major grain-growing countries of the globe and their typical peculiarities are described. The paper contains information on identifcation of race Ug99 and of its variations including data on areas of their dissemination and on their virulence to Sr-resistance genes. The existence and emergence of other races of the agent potentially dangerous for commercially important genes for stem rust resistance is also described. Currently in nature strongly virulent races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici are circulating with wide geographical coverage and their virulence is absolutely diﬀerent from the virulence of race Ug99. Historical and modern data on studying the race composition of the pathogen in Kazakhstan are summarized. It is stated that the use of the old standard diﬀerential set and an incomplete North American system of race nomenclature in experiments prevents measuring similarity between Kazakhstani races and the worldwide known races of the pathogen. It has been shown that there is a need to continue studies on the intraspecies structure of the disease agent’s population in Kazakhstan with the use of the modern diﬀerential set, on determination of race composition and ways of emergence of new races potentially dangerous for commercial wheat varieties.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшеница</kwd><kwd>стеблевая ржавчина</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd><kwd>раса</kwd><kwd>гены Sr</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheat</kwd><kwd>stem rust</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>race</kwd><kwd>Sr genes</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абиев С.А., Есенгулова Б.Ж. Роль промежуточных хозяев ржавчинных грибов злаков. Вестн. с.-х. науки Казахстана. 1995;8:36-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abiyev S.A., Esengulova B.Zh. 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