<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ18.444</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1803</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногенетический диалог матери и эмбрионов как фактор становления иммунного статуса потомков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mother-fetus immunogenetic dialogue as a factor of progeny immune system development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герлинская</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerlinskaya</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">lgerlinskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варлачев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varlachev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротов</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotov</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Концевая</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kontsevaya</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мошкин</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moshkin</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Фонд перспективных исследований<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Foundation for Advanced Studies<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1009</fpage><lpage>1019</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Герлинская Л.А., Варлачев А.В., Кротов Г.И., Концевая Г.В., Мошкин М.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Герлинская Л.А., Варлачев А.В., Кротов Г.И., Концевая Г.В., Мошкин М.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gerlinskaya L.A., Varlachev A.V., Krotov G.I., Kontsevaya G.V., Moshkin M.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1803">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1803</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на достижения медицины, около 4 млн детей в возрасте до 6 мес. ежегодно умирают по всему миру из-за инфекции, что составляет 450 смертей в час (по данным Международного чрезвычайного детского фонда ООН – UNISEF). Степень развития иммунной системы детей, родившихся в срок, определяется многими факторами, в том числе иммуногенетическим сходством или различием организмов матери и плода, что, в свою очередь, обусловлено генотипами брачных пар, а также подбором суррогатных матерей при экстракорпоральном оплодотворении. Из проведенного нами обзора литературы следует, что на устойчивость потомков к инфекциям и аллергенам значимое влияние оказывают иммуногенетические взаимодействия организмов матери и плода, которые осуществляются на всех этапах пре- и постнатального развития. До имплантации иммунные реакции матери формируются под влиянием антигенов, лейкоцитов и цитокинов семенной жидкости, а также генов главного комплекса гистосовместимости, которые экспрессируются в эмбрионах уже на стадии двух клеток. Складывающийся при этом гуморальный фон программирует эффективность вынашивания и во многом предопределяет фенотипические свойства будущих потомков, включая и их иммунокомпетентность. После имплантации существенное иммуномоделирующее значение приобретает трансплацентарный перенос иммуноглобулинов и иммунокомпетентных клеток. Важно подчеркнуть, что, хотя вещества с высокой молекулярной массой обычно не проходят через плаценту, это правило не относится к иммуноглобулину G (IgG), который при молекулярной массе ~160 кДА преодолевает трансплацентарный барьер благодаря связыванию с Fc-рецептором плода. При этом уровень IgG у новорожденных обычно коррелирует с уровнем материнских антител. В период естественного вскармливания иммунная защита новорожденных обеспечивается механизмами врожденного иммунитета и факторами гуморального иммунитета матерей. Показано, что иммуноглобулины из молока многих видов животных переносятся через неонатальный кишечный эпителий в кровоток. Поскольку грудное молоко содержит в большом количестве различные иммуноактивные компоненты, включая белки, цитокины, гормоны, иммуноглобулины, экзосомы, содержащие микроРНК, и жизнеспособные иммунные клетки, то иммуномодулирующие эффекты грудного молока сохраняются и после элиминации материнских иммуноглобулинов из кровообращения потомков, вплоть до зрелого возраста. Анализ многочисленных экспериментальных данных показывает, что исследования механизмов взаимодействия материнского организма с эмбрионами и новорожденными формируют базу знаний для поиска средств направленной модуляции иммунного статуса потомков, которая может сохранять свое влияние на протяжении всей последующей жизни.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the advances in medicine, about 4 million children under the age of 6 months die annually around the world due to infection, which is 450 deaths per hour (UNISEF, 2009). The degree of development of the immune system of children born in time is determined by many factors, including the immunogenetic similarity or diﬀerence of mother and fetus organisms, which, in turn, is due to the genotypes of mating pairs, as well as the selection of surrogate mothers during in vitro fertilization. From our review of the literature, it follows that immunogenetic interactions of mother and fetus organisms, which occur at all stages of pre- and postnatal development, have a signifcant eﬀect on the resistance of oﬀspring to infections and allergens. Before implantation, the mother’s immune responses are formed under the inﬂuence of semen ﬂuid antigens, leukocytes and cytokines, as well as under the inﬂuence of the genes of the major histocompatibility complex, which are expressed in embryos at the stage of two cells. After implantation, transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins and immunocompetent cells becomes of immunomodulating importance. It is important to emphasize that, although substances with a high molecular weight usually do not pass through the placenta, this rule does not apply to immunoglobulin G (IgG), which, with a molecular weight of about 160 kDa, overcomes the transplacental barrier due to binding to the fetal Fc receptor. The level of IgG in newborns usually correlates with the level of maternal antibodies. During the period of natural feeding, the immune protection of newborns is provided by the mechanisms of innate immunity and the factors of humoral immunity of mothers. It has been shown that immunoglobulins from the milk of many animal species are transferred through the neonatal intestinal epithelium to the blood. Since breast milk contains large amounts of various immunoactive components, including proteins, cytokines, hormones, immunoglobulins, exosomes containing micro-RNA, and viable immune cells, the immunomodulating eﬀects of breast milk persist even after elimination of maternal immunoglobulins from the blood of the oﬀspring, up to maturation. Analysis of a large body of experimental data shows that the study of mechanisms of “motherfetus” and “mother-newborn” interactions are the basis of a knowledge base needed to fnd means of life-long directed modulation of the descendants’ immune status.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>иммунорегуляторные механизмы</kwd><kwd>программирование развития</kwd><kwd>иммунные факторы</kwd><kwd>эндокринные факторы</kwd><kwd>трансплацентарный перенос</kwd><kwd>иммунные комплексы</kwd><kwd>естественное вскармливание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>immunoregulatory mechanisms</kwd><kwd>development programming</kwd><kwd>immune factors</kwd><kwd>endocrine factors</kwd><kwd>transplacental transfer</kwd><kwd>immune complexes</kwd><kwd>breastfeeding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Остин К., Шорт Р. Гормональная регуляция размножения у млекопитающих. М., 1989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Austin K., Short R. (Eds.) Reproduction in Mammals. Vol. 3. Hormonal Control of Reproduction. London, Cambridge University Press, 1984. (Russ. ed.: Ostin K., Short R. (Eds.) Hormonal Control of Reproduction in Mammals. Мoscow, 1989.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anegon M., Cuturi C., Trinchieri G., Perussia B. Interaction of Fc receptor (CD16) ligands induces transcription of interleukin 2 receptor (CD25) and lymphokine genes and expression of their products in human natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 1988;167(2):452-472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anegon M., Cuturi C., Trinchieri G., Perussia B. Interaction of Fc receptor (CD16) ligands induces transcription of interleukin 2 receptor (CD25) and lymphokine genes and expression of their products in human natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 1988;167(2):452-472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Apps R., Sharkey A., Gardner L., Male V., Kennedy P., Masters L., Farrell L., Jones D., Thomas R., Moffett A. Ex vivo functional responses to HLA-G differ between blood and decidual NK cells. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2011;17(9):577-586. DOI 10.1093/molehr/gar022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Apps R., Sharkey A., Gardner L., Male V., Kennedy P., Masters L., Farrell L., Jones D., Thomas R., Moffett A. Ex vivo functional responses to HLA-G differ between blood and decidual NK cells. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2011;17(9):577-586. DOI 10.1093/molehr/gar022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asirvatham A.L., Johnson G.A., Belden E.L., Van Kirk E.A., Moss G.E., Murdoch W.J. Immunization of mice against a synthetic N-terminal extracellular domain gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor peptide: evidence for a direct uterine effect. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1994;32(2):95-100. DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1994.tb01099.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asirvatham A.L., Johnson G.A., Belden E.L., Van Kirk E.A., Moss G.E., Murdoch W.J. Immunization of mice against a synthetic N-terminal extracellular domain gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor peptide: evidence for a direct uterine effect. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1994;32(2):95-100. DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1994.tb01099.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babulas V., Factor-Litvak P., Goetz R., Schaefer C.A., Brown A.S. Prenatal exposure to maternal genital and reproductive infections and adult schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2006;163:927-929. DOI 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.927.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babulas V., Factor-Litvak P., Goetz R., Schaefer C.A., Brown A.S. Prenatal exposure to maternal genital and reproductive infections and adult schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2006;163:927-929. DOI 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.927.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnea E.R., Kirk D., Paidas M.J. preimplantation factor (PIF) promoting role in embryo implantation: increases endometrial Integrin- α2β3, amphiregulin and epiregulin while reducing betacellulin expression via MAPK in decidua. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2012; 10(50). DOI 10.1186/1477-7827-10-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnea E.R., Kirk D., Paidas M.J. preimplantation factor (PIF) promoting role in embryo implantation: increases endometrial Integrin- α2β3, amphiregulin and epiregulin while reducing betacellulin expression via MAPK in decidua. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2012; 10(50). DOI 10.1186/1477-7827-10-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchi D.W. Fetomaternal cell traffcking: a story that begins with prenatal diagnosis and may end with stem cell therapy. Robert E. Gross Lecture. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2007;42(1):12-18. DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.09.047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bianchi D.W. Fetomaternal cell traffcking: a story that begins with prenatal diagnosis and may end with stem cell therapy. Robert E. Gross Lecture. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2007;42(1):12-18. DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.09.047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchi D.W., Zickwolf G.K., Weil G.J., Sylvester S., DeMaria M.A. Male fetal progenitor cells persist in maternal blood for as long as 27 years postpartum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1996;93(2):705-708. DOI 10.1073/pnas.93.2.705.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bianchi D.W., Zickwolf G.K., Weil G.J., Sylvester S., DeMaria M.A. Male fetal progenitor cells persist in maternal blood for as long as 27 years postpartum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1996;93(2):705-708. DOI 10.1073/pnas.93.2.705.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bilbo S.D., Schwarz J.M. The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2012; 33(3):267-286. DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.08.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bilbo S.D., Schwarz J.M. The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2012; 33(3):267-286. DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.08.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Billingham R.E., Brent L., Medavar P.B. Actively acquired tolerance of foreign cells. Nature. 1953;172(4379) 603-606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Billingham R.E., Brent L., Medavar P.B. Actively acquired tolerance of foreign cells. Nature. 1953;172(4379) 603-606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown A.S., Begg M.D., Gravenstein S., Schaefer C.A., Wyatt R.J., Bresnahan M., Babulas V.P., Susser E.S. Serologic evidence of prenatal inﬂuenza in the etiology of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2004;61(8):774-780. DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.774.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown A.S., Begg M.D., Gravenstein S., Schaefer C.A., Wyatt R.J., Bresnahan M., Babulas V.P., Susser E.S. Serologic evidence of prenatal inﬂuenza in the etiology of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2004;61(8):774-780. DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.774.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carr B.R., MacDonald P.C., Simpson E.R. The role of lipoproteins in the regulation of progesterone secretion by the human corpus luteum. Fertil. Steril. 1982;38(3):303-311. DOI 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)46511-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carr B.R., MacDonald P.C., Simpson E.R. The role of lipoproteins in the regulation of progesterone secretion by the human corpus luteum. Fertil. Steril. 1982;38(3):303-311. DOI 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)46511-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casan E.M., Raga F., Kruessel J.S., Wen Y., Nezhat C., Polan M.L. Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone expression in cycling human endometrium of fertil patients. Fertil. Steril. 1998;70(1):102- 106. DOI 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00125-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casan E.M., Raga F., Kruessel J.S., Wen Y., Nezhat C., Polan M.L. Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone expression in cycling human endometrium of fertil patients. Fertil. Steril. 1998;70(1):102- 106. DOI 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00125-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatterjee-Hasrouni S., Lala P.K. MHC antigens on mouse trophoblast cells: paucity of Ia antigens despite the presence of H-2K and H-2D. J. Immunol. 1981;127:2070-2073.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatterjee-Hasrouni S., Lala P.K. MHC antigens on mouse trophoblast cells: paucity of Ia antigens despite the presence of H-2K and H-2D. J. Immunol. 1981;127:2070-2073.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen S.J., Liu Y.L., Sytwu H.K. Immunologic regulation in pregnancy: from mechanism to therapeutic strategy for immunomodulation. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2012;2012:258-391. DOI 10.1155/2012/258391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen S.J., Liu Y.L., Sytwu H.K. Immunologic regulation in pregnancy: from mechanism to therapeutic strategy for immunomodulation. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2012;2012:258-391. DOI 10.1155/2012/258391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi B., Polgar C., Xiao K.L., Hill J.A. Progesterone inhibits in¬vitro embryotoxic Th1 cytokine production to trophoblast in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum. Reprod. 2000;15(1):46-59. DOI 10.1093/humrep/15.suppl_1.46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi B., Polgar C., Xiao K.L., Hill J.A. Progesterone inhibits in-vitro embryotoxic Th1 cytokine production to trophoblast in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum. Reprod. 2000;15(1):46-59. DOI 10.1093/humrep/15.suppl_1.46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choudhury S.R., Knapp L.A. Human reproductive failure II: Imunogenetic and interacting factors. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2001;7(2):135- 160. DOI 10.1093/humupd/7.2.135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choudhury S.R., Knapp L.A. Human reproductive failure II: Imunogenetic and interacting factors. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2001;7(2):135- 160. DOI 10.1093/humupd/7.2.135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Contini P., Ghio M., Poggi A., Filaci G., Indiveri F., Ferrone S., Puppo F. Soluble HLA-A,-B,-C and -G molecules induce apoptosis in T and NK CD8+ cells and inhibit cytotoxic T cell activity through CD8 ligation. Eur. J. Immunol. 2003;33(1):125-134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Contini P., Ghio M., Poggi A., Filaci G., Indiveri F., Ferrone S., Puppo F. Soluble HLA-A,-B,-C and -G molecules induce apoptosis in T and NK CD8+ cells and inhibit cytotoxic T cell activity through CD8 ligation. Eur. J. Immunol. 2003;33(1):125-134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das S.K., Wang X.-N., Paria B.C., Damm D., Abraham J.A., Klagsbrun M., Andrews G.K., Dey S.K. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor gene is induced in the mouse uterus temporally by the blastocyst solely at the site of its apposition: a possible ligand for interaction with blastocyst EGF-receptor in implantation. Development. 1994;120:1071-1083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Das S.K., Wang X.-N., Paria B.C., Damm D., Abraham J.A., Klagsbrun M., Andrews G.K., Dey S.K. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor gene is induced in the mouse uterus temporally by the blastocyst solely at the site of its apposition: a possible ligand for interaction with blastocyst EGF-receptor in implantation. Development. 1994;120:1071-1083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dietert R.R., Dietert J.M. Potential for early-life immune insult including developmental immunotoxicity in autism and autism spectrum disorders: focus on critical windows of immune vulnerability. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. Part B. 2008;11(8):660-680. DOI 10.1080/10937400802370923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietert R.R., Dietert J.M. Potential for early¬life immune insult including developmental immunotoxicity in autism and autism spectrum disorders: focus on critical windows of immune vulnerability. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. Part B. 2008;11(8):660-680. DOI 10.1080/10937400802370923.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duncan W.C. The human corpus luteum: remodelling during luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy. Rev. Reprod. 2000;5:12-17. DOI 10.1530/ror.0.0050012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duncan W.C. The human corpus luteum: remodelling during luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy. Rev. Reprod. 2000;5:12-17. DOI 10.1530/ror.0.0050012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ehring G.R., Kerschbaum H.H., Eder C., Neben A.L., Fanger C.M., Khoury R.M., Negulescu P.A., Cahalan M.D. A nongenomic mechanism for progesterone-mediated immunosuppression: Inhibition of K+ channels, Ca2+ signaling, and gene expression in T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 1998;188(9):1593-1602. DOI 10.1084/jem.188.9.1593.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ehring G.R., Kerschbaum H.H., Eder C., Neben A.L., Fanger C.M., Khoury R.M., Negulescu P.A., Cahalan M.D. A nongenomic mechanism for progesterone-mediated immunosuppression: Inhibition of K+ channels, Ca2+ signaling, and gene expression in T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 1998;188(9):1593-1602. DOI 10.1084/jem.188.9.1593.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellman L.M. The promise of epidemiologic studies: Neuroimmune mechanisms in the etiologies of brain disorders. Neuron. 2009; 64(1):25-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellman L.M. The promise of epidemiologic studies: Neuroimmune mechanisms in the etiologies of brain disorders. Neuron. 2009; 64(1):25-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erlebacher A. Immunology of the maternal¬fetal interface. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2013;31:387-411. DOI 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-100003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erlebacher A. Immunology of the maternal-fetal interface. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2013;31:387-411. DOI 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-100003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fishel S.B., Edwards R.G., Evans C.J. Human chorionic gonadotropin secreted by preimplantation embryos cultured in vitro. Science. 1984;223(4638):816-818.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fishel S.B., Edwards R.G., Evans C.J. Human chorionic gonadotropin secreted by preimplantation embryos cultured in vitro. Science. 1984;223(4638):816-818.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Francisco R., Casan E.V., Kruessel J., Wen Y., Bonilla-Musoles F., Polan M.L. The role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in murine preimplantation embryonic development. Endocrinology. 1999;140(8): 3705-3712. DOI 10.1210/endo.140.8.6899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Francisco R., Casan E.V., Kruessel J., Wen Y., Bonilla-Musoles F., Polan M.L. The role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in murine preimplantation embryonic development. Endocrinology. 1999;140(8): 3705-3712. DOI 10.1210/endo.140.8.6899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallego M.G., Porayette P., Kaltcheva M.M., Bowen R.L., Vadakkadath Meethal S., Atwood C.S. The pregnancy hormones human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone induce human embryonic stem cell proliferation and differentiation into neuroectodermal rosettes. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2010;1(28):2-13. DOI 10.1186/scrt28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallego M.G., Porayette P., Kaltcheva M.M., Bowen R.L., Vadakkadath Meethal S., Atwood C.S. The pregnancy hormones human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone induce human embryonic stem cell proliferation and differentiation into neuroectodermal rosettes. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2010;1(28):2-13. DOI 10.1186/scrt28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerlinskaya L.A., Evsikov V.I. Inﬂuence of genetic dissimilarity of mother and fetus on progesterone concentrations in pregnant mice and adaptive features of offspring. Reproduction. 2001;121:409-417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerlinskaya L.A., Evsikov V.I. Inﬂuence of genetic dissimilarity of mother and fetus on progesterone concentrations in pregnant mice and adaptive features of offspring. Reproduction. 2001;121:409-417.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerlinskaya L., Moshkin M., Evsikov V. Allogenic stimulation in early pregnancy improves pre- and postnatal ontogenesis in BALB/cLac mice. J. Reprod. Dev. 2000;46(6):387-396. DOI 10.1262/jrd.46.387.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerlinskaya L., Moshkin M., Evsikov V. Allogenic stimulation in early pregnancy improves pre- and postnatal ontogenesis in BALB/cLac mice. J. Reprod. Dev. 2000;46(6):387-396. DOI 10.1262/jrd.46.387.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghosh M.K., Nguyen V., Muller H.K., Walker A. Maternal milk T cells drive development of transgenerational Th1 immunity in offspring thymus. J. Immunol. 2016;197:2290-2296. DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.1502483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghosh M.K., Nguyen V., Muller H.K., Walker A. Maternal milk T cells drive development of transgenerational Th1 immunity in offspring thymus. J. Immunol. 2016;197:2290-2296. DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.1502483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo G., Huss M., Guo Q.T., Wang C., Sun L., Neil D. Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. Dev. Cell. 2010;18:675-685. DOI 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.02.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo G., Huss M., Guo Q.T., Wang C., Sun L., Neil D. Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. Dev. Cell. 2010;18:675-685. DOI 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.02.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardy K., Spanos S. Growth factor expression and function in the human and mouse preimplantation embryo. J. Endocrinol. 2002;172:221- 236. DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1720221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardy K., Spanos S. Growth factor expression and function in the human and mouse preimplantation embryo. J. Endocrinol. 2002;172:221- 236. DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1720221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hearn J.P., Gidley-Baird A.A., Hodges J.K., Summers P.M., Webley G.E. Embryonic signals during the peri-implantation period in primates. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1988;36:49-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hearn J.P., Gidley-Baird A.A., Hodges J.K., Summers P.M., Webley G.E. Embryonic signals during the peri-implantation period in primates. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1988;36:49-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrler A., Von Rango U., Beier H.M. Embryo-maternal signalling: how the embryo starts talking to its mother to accomplish implantation. Reprod. BioMed. 2003;6(2):244-256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrler A., Von Rango U., Beier H.M. Embryo-maternal signalling: how the embryo starts talking to its mother to accomplish implantation. Reprod. BioMed. 2003;6(2):244-256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiby S.E., Apps R., Sharkey A.M., Gardner L., Mulder A., Claas F., Walker J., Redman C., Morgan L., Tower C., Regan L. Maternal activating KIRs protect against human reproductive failure mediated by fetal HLA-C2. J. Clin. Invest. 2010;120(11):4102-4110. DOI 10.1172/JCI43998DS1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiby S.E., Apps R., Sharkey A.M., Gardner L., Mulder A., Claas F., Walker J., Redman C., Morgan L., Tower C., Regan L. Maternal activating KIRs protect against human reproductive failure mediated by fetal HLA-C2. J. Clin. Invest. 2010;120(11):4102-4110. DOI 10.1172/JCI43998DS1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiby S.E., Walker J.J., O’Shaughnessy K.M., Redman C.W., Carrington M., Trowsdale J., Redman C., Moffett A. Combinations of maternal KIR and fetal HLA-C genes inﬂuence the risk of preeclampsia and reproductive success. J. Exp. Med. 2004;200(8):957- 965. DOI 10.1084/jem.20041214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiby S.E., Walker J.J., O’Shaughnessy K.M., Redman C.W., Carrington M., Trowsdale J., Redman C., Moffett A. Combinations of maternal KIR and fetal HLA-C genes inﬂuence the risk of preeclampsia and reproductive success. J. Exp. Med. 2004;200(8):957- 965. DOI 10.1084/jem.20041214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunt J.S. HLA-G and immune tolerance in pregnancy. FASEB J. 2005; 19:681-693. DOI 10.1096/fj.04-2078rev.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunt J.S. HLA-G and immune tolerance in pregnancy. FASEB J. 2005; 19:681-693. DOI 10.1096/fj.04-2078rev.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunt J.S., Orr H.T. HLA and maternal-fetal recognition. FASEB J. 1992;6:2344-2348.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunt J.S., Orr H.T. HLA and maternal-fetal recognition. FASEB J. 1992;6:2344-2348.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson K.M., Nazar A.M. Breastfeeding, the immune response, and long-term health. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 2006;106:203-207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson K.M., Nazar A.M. Breastfeeding, the immune response, and long-term health. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 2006;106:203-207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelemen K., Bognar I., Paal M. A progesterone-induced protein increases the synthesis of asymmetric antibodies. Cell Immunol. 1996; 1(67):129-134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelemen K., Bognar I., Paal M. A progesterone-induced protein increases the synthesis of asymmetric antibodies. Cell Immunol. 1996; 1(67):129-134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khosla S., Dean W., Brown D., Reik W., Feil R. Culture of pleimplantaion mouse embryos affects fetal development and expression of imprinted genes. Biol. Reprod. 2001;64:918-926. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod64.3.918.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khosla S., Dean W., Brown D., Reik W., Feil R. Culture of pleimplantaion mouse embryos affects fetal development and expression of imprinted genes. Biol. Reprod. 2001;64:918-926. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod64.3.918.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King A., Allen D.S., Bowen M., Powis S., Joseph S., Verma S., Hiby S., McMichael A., Loke Y., Braud V. HLA-E is expressed on trophoblast and interacts with CD94/NKG2 receptors on decidual NK cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2000;30:1623-1631. DOI 10.1002/1521-4141(200006)30:6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King A., Allen D.S., Bowen M., Powis S., Joseph S., Verma S., Hiby S., McMichael A., Loke Y., Braud V. HLA-E is expressed on trophoblast and interacts with CD94/NKG2 receptors on decidual NK cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2000;30:1623-1631. DOI 10.1002/1521-4141(200006)30:6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King A., Burrows T., Hiby S., Bowen J.M., Joseph S., Verma S., Lim P.B., Gardner L., Le Bouteiller P., Ziegler A. Surface expression of HLA-C antigen by human extravillous trophoblast. Placenta. 2000;21:376-387. DOI 10.1053/plac.1999.0496.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King A., Burrows T., Hiby S., Bowen J.M., Joseph S., Verma S., Lim P.B., Gardner L., Le Bouteiller P., Ziegler A. Surface expression of HLA-C antigen by human extravillous trophoblast. Placenta. 2000;21:376-387. DOI 10.1053/plac.1999.0496.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klonisch T., Drouin R. Fetal-maternal exchange of multipotent stem/ progenitor cells: microchimerism in diagnosis and disease. Trends Mol.Med. 2009;15(11):510-518.DOI10.1016/j.molmed.2009.09.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klonisch T., Drouin R. Fetal-maternal exchange of multipotent stem/ progenitor cells: microchimerism in diagnosis and disease. Trends Mol.Med. 2009;15(11):510-518.DOI10.1016/j.molmed.2009.09.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kyurkchiev D., Ivanova-Todorova E., Kyurkchiev S.D. New target cells of the immunomodulatory effects of progesterone. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 2010;21(3):304-311. DOI 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.04.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kyurkchiev D., Ivanova-Todorova E., Kyurkchiev S.D. New target cells of the immunomodulatory effects of progesterone. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 2010;21(3):304-311. DOI 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.04.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Licht P., Fluhr H., Neuwinger J., Wallwiener D., Wildt L. Is human chorionic gonadotropin directly involved in the regulation of human implantation? Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2007;269:85-92. DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2006.09.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Licht P., Fluhr H., Neuwinger J., Wallwiener D., Wildt L. Is human chorionic gonadotropin directly involved in the regulation of human implantation? Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2007;269:85-92. DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2006.09.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Licht P., Russu V., Wildt L. On the role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the embryo-endometrial microenvironment: implications for differentiation and implantation. Semin. Reprod. Med. 2001;19(1):37-47. DOI 10.1055/s-2001-13909.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Licht P., Russu V., Wildt L. On the role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the embryo-endometrial microenvironment: implications for differentiation and implantation. Semin. Reprod. Med. 2001;19(1):37-47. DOI 10.1055/s-2001-13909.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loubiere L.S. Maternal microchimerism in healthy adults in lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophages and NK cells. Lab. Invest. 2006; 86(11):1185-1192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loubiere L.S. Maternal microchimerism in healthy adults in lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophages and NK cells. Lab. Invest. 2006; 86(11):1185-1192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mallet V., Proll J., Solier C., Aguerre-Girr M., DeRossi M., Loke Y.W., Lenfant F., Le Bouteiller P. The full length HLA-G1 and no other alternative form of HLA-G is expressed at the cell surface of transfected cells. Hum. Immunol. 2000;61:212-224. DOI 10.1016/S0198-8859(99)00166-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mallet V., Proll J., Solier C., Aguerre-Girr M., DeRossi M., Loke Y.W., Lenfant F., Le Bouteiller P. The full length HLA-G1 and no other alternative form of HLA-G is expressed at the cell surface of transfected cells. Hum. Immunol. 2000;61:212-224. DOI 10.1016/S0198-8859(99)00166-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mao G., Wang J., Kang Y., Tai P., Wen J., Zou Q., Li G., Ouyang H., Xia G., Wang B. Progesterone increases systemic and local uterine proportions of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells during midterm pregnancy in mice. Endocrinology. 2010;51(11):5477-5488. DOI 10.1210/en.2010-0426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mao G., Wang J., Kang Y., Tai P., Wen J., Zou Q., Li G., Ouyang H., Xia G., Wang B. Progesterone increases systemic and local uterine proportions of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells during midterm pregnancy in mice. Endocrinology. 2010;51(11):5477-5488. DOI 10.1210/en.2010-0426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marleau A.M., Greenwood J.D., Wei Q., Singh B., Croy B.A. Chimerism of murine fetal bone marrow by maternal cells occurs in late gestation and persists into adulthood. Lab. Invest. 2003;83(5): 673-681.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marleau A.M., Greenwood J.D., Wei Q., Singh B., Croy B.A. Chimerism of murine fetal bone marrow by maternal cells occurs in late gestation and persists into adulthood. Lab. Invest. 2003;83(5): 673-681.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moffett A., Loke C. Immunology of placentation in eutherian mammals. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2006;6(8):584-594. DOI 10.1038/nri1897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moffett A., Loke C. Immunology of placentation in eutherian mammals. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2006;6(8):584-594. DOI 10.1038/nri1897.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mold J.E., McCune J.M. Immunological tolerance during fetal development: from mouse to man. Adv. Immunol. 2012;(115):73-111. DOI 10.1016/b978-0-12-394299-9.00003-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mold J.E., McCune J.M. Immunological tolerance during fetal development: from mouse to man. Adv. Immunol. 2012;(115):73-111. DOI 10.1016/b978-0-12-394299-9.00003-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mold J.E., Michaëlsson J., Burt T.D., Muench M.O., Beckerman K.P., Busch M.P., Lee T.H., Nixon D.F., McCune J.M. Maternal alloantigens promote the development of tolerogenic fetal regulatory T cells in utero. Science. 2008;322(5907):1562-1565. DOI 10.1126/science.1164511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mold J.E., Michaëlsson J., Burt T.D., Muench M.O., Beckerman K.P., Busch M.P., Lee T.H., Nixon D.F., McCune J.M. Maternal alloantigens promote the development of tolerogenic fetal regulatory T cells in utero. Science. 2008;322(5907):1562-1565. DOI 10.1126/science.1164511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paidas M.J., Krikun G., Huang S.J., Jones R., Romano M., Annunziato J., Barnea E.R. A genomic and proteomic investigation of the impact of preimplantation factor on human decidual cells. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2010;202(5):459. DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paidas M.J., Krikun G., Huang S.J., Jones R., Romano M., Annunziato J., Barnea E.R. A genomic and proteomic investigation of the impact of preimplantation factor on human decidual cells. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2010;202(5):459. DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmeira P., Quinello С., Silveira-Lessa A.L., Zago C.A., CarneiroSampaio M. IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2012;2012:985646. DOI 10.1155/2012/985646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmeira P., Quinello С., Silveira-Lessa A.L., Zago C.A., CarneiroSampaio M. IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2012;2012:985646. DOI 10.1155/2012/985646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pampfer S., Wuu Y., Vanderheyden I., De Hertogh R. Expression of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) receptors and selective effect of TNFα on the inner cell mass in mouse blastocysts. Endocrinology. 1994;134:206-212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pampfer S., Wuu Y., Vanderheyden I., De Hertogh R. Expression of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) receptors and selective effect of TNFα on the inner cell mass in mouse blastocysts. Endocrinology. 1994;134:206-212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pazmany L., Mandelboim O., Vales-Gomez M., Davis D.M., Reyburn H.T., Strominger J.L. Protection from natural killer cell-mediated lysis by HLA-G expression on target cells. Science. 1996;274: 792-795. DOI 10.1126/science.274.5288.792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pazmany L., Mandelboim O., Vales¬Gomez M., Davis D.M., Reyburn H.T., Strominger J.L. Protection from natural killer cell-mediated lysis by HLA-G expression on target cells. Science. 1996;274: 792-795. DOI 10.1126/science.274.5288.792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pidoux G., Gerbaud P., Tsatsaris V., Marpeau O., Ferreira F., Meduri G., Guibourdenche J., Badet J., Evain-Brion D., Frendo J.L. Biochemical characterization and modulation of LH/CG-receptor during human trophoblast differentiation. J. Cell Physiol. 2007;212:26-35. DOI 10.1002/jcp.20995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pidoux G., Gerbaud P., Tsatsaris V., Marpeau O., Ferreira F., Meduri G., Guibourdenche J., Badet J., Evain-Brion D., Frendo J.L. Biochemical characterization and modulation of LH/CG-receptor during human trophoblast differentiation. J. Cell Physiol. 2007;212:26-35. DOI 10.1002/jcp.20995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prager D., Weber M.M., Herman-Bonert V. Placental growth factors and releasing/inhibiting peptides. Semin. Reprod. Endocrinol. 1992; 10:83-91. DOI 10.1055/s-2007-1018864.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prager D., Weber M.M., Herman-Bonert V. Placental growth factors and releasing/inhibiting peptides. Semin. Reprod. Endocrinol. 1992; 10:83-91. DOI 10.1055/s-2007-1018864.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raga F., Casan E.M., Kruessel J.S., Wen Y., Huang H.Y., Nezhat C., Polan M.L. Quantitative gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression and immunohistochemical localization in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Biol. Reprod. 1998; 59:661-669. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod59.3.661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raga F., Casan E.M., Kruessel J.S., Wen Y., Huang H.Y., Nezhat C., Polan M.L. Quantitative gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression and immunohistochemical localization in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Biol. Reprod. 1998; 59:661-669. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod59.3.661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raghupathy R., Al-Mutawa E., Al-Azemi M., Makhseed M., Azizieh F., Szekeres-Bartho J. Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) modulates cytokine production by lymphocytes from women with recurrent miscarriage or preterm delivery. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2009;80(1-2):91-99. DOI 10.1016/j.jri.2009.01.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raghupathy R., Al-Mutawa E., Al-Azemi M., Makhseed M., Azizieh F., Szekeres-Bartho J. Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) modulates cytokine production by lymphocytes from women with recurrent miscarriage or preterm delivery. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2009;80(1-2):91-99. DOI 10.1016/j.jri.2009.01.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raghupathy R., Al Mutawa E., Makhseed M., Azizieh F., SzekeresBartho J. Modulation of cytokine production by dydrogesterone in lymphocytes from women with recurrent miscarriage. Brit. J. Obset Gynecol. 2005;112(8):1096-1101. DOI 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00633.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raghupathy R., Al Mutawa E., Makhseed M., Azizieh F., SzekeresBartho J. Modulation of cytokine production by dydrogesterone in lymphocytes from women with recurrent miscarriage. Brit. J. Obset Gynecol. 2005;112(8):1096-1101. DOI 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00633.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajagopalan S. Endosomal signaling and a novel pathway defned by the natural killer receptor KIR2DL4 (CD158d). Traffc. 2010;11(11): 1381-1390. DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01112.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajagopalan S. Endosomal signaling and a novel pathway defned by the natural killer receptor KIR2DL4 (CD158d). Traffc. 2010;11(11): 1381-1390. DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01112.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajagopalan S., Bryceson Y.T., Kuppusamy S.P., Geraghty D.E., van der Meer A., Joosten I., Long E.O. Activation of NK cells by an endocytosed receptor for soluble HLA-G. PLoS Biol. 2006;4(1):e9. DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajagopalan S., Bryceson Y.T., Kuppusamy S.P., Geraghty D.E., van der Meer A., Joosten I., Long E.O. Activation of NK cells by an endocytosed receptor for soluble HLA-G. PLoS Biol. 2006;4(1):e9. DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reed A.M., Picornell Y.J., Harwood A., Kredich D.W. Chimerism in children with juvenile dermatomyositis. Lancet. 2000;322(356): 2156-2157. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03500-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reed A.M., Picornell Y.J., Harwood A., Kredich D.W. Chimerism in children with juvenile dermatomyositis. Lancet. 2000;322(356): 2156-2157. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03500-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson S.A. GM-CSF regulation of embryo development and pregnancy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2007;18:287-298. DOI 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.04.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robertson S.A. GM-CSF regulation of embryo development and pregnancy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2007;18:287-298. DOI 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.04.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson S.A., Chin P.Y., Glynn D.J., Thompson J.G. Peri-conceptual cytokines – setting the trajectory for embryo implantation, pregnancy and beyond. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2011;66(1):2-10. DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01039.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robertson S.A., Chin P.Y., Glynn D.J., Thompson J.G. Peri-conceptual cytokines – setting the trajectory for embryo implantation, pregnancy and beyond. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2011;66(1):2-10. DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01039.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson S.A., Seamark R.F., Guilbert L.J., Wegmann T.G. The role of cytokines in gestation. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 1994;14:239-292. DOI 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v14.i3-4.30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robertson S.A., Seamark R.F., Guilbert L.J., Wegmann T.G. The role of cytokines in gestation. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 1994;14:239-292. DOI 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v14.i3-4.30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson S.A., Sjöblom C., Jasper M.J., Norman R.J., Seamark R.F. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes glucose transport and blastomere viability in murine preimplantation embryos. Biol. Reprod. 2001;64(4):1206-1215. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod64.4.1206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robertson S.A., Sjöblom C., Jasper M.J., Norman R.J., Seamark R.F. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes glucose transport and blastomere viability in murine preimplantation embryos. Biol. Reprod. 2001;64(4):1206-1215. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod64.4.1206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saji F., Koyama M., Matsuzaki N. Current topic: human placental Fc receptors. Placenta. 1994;15(5):453-466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saji F., Koyama M., Matsuzaki N. Current topic: human placental Fc receptors. Placenta. 1994;15(5):453-466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seshagiri P.B., Terasawa E., Hearn J.P. The secretion of gonadotropinreleasing hormone by peri-implantation embryos of the rhesus monkey: comparison with the secretion of chorionic gonadotropin. Hum. Reprod. 1994;9(7):1300-1307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seshagiri P.B., Terasawa E., Hearn J.P. The secretion of gonadotropinreleasing hormone by peri-implantation embryos of the rhesus monkey: comparison with the secretion of chorionic gonadotropin. Hum. Reprod. 1994;9(7):1300-1307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharkey A.M., Dellow K., Blayney M. Stage-specifc expression of cytokine and receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in human preimplantation embryos. Biol. Reprod. 1995;53(4):974-981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharkey A.M., Dellow K., Blayney M. Stage-specifc expression of cytokine and receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in human preimplantation embryos. Biol. Reprod. 1995;53(4):974-981.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharkey A.M., Gardner L., Hiby S., Farrell L., Apps R., Masters L., Moffett A. Killer Ig-like receptor expression in uterine NK cells is biased toward recognition of HLA-C and alters with gestational age. J. Immunol. 2008;181:39-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharkey A.M., Gardner L., Hiby S., Farrell L., Apps R., Masters L., Moffett A. Killer Ig-like receptor expression in uterine NK cells is biased toward recognition of HLA-C and alters with gestational age. J. Immunol. 2008;181:39-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simister N.E. Human placental Fc receptors and the trapping of immune complexes. Vaccine. 1998;16(14-15):1451-1455. DOI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00107-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simister N.E. Human placental Fc receptors and the trapping of immune complexes. Vaccine. 1998;16(14¬15):1451-1455. DOI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00107-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simister N.E., Mostov K.E. An Fc receptor structurally related to MHC class I antigens. Nature. 1989;336(6203):184-187. DOI 10.1038/337184a0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simister N.E., Mostov K.E. An Fc receptor structurally related to MHC class I antigens. Nature. 1989;336(6203):184-187. DOI 10.1038/337184a0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh P., Krishna A. Effects of GnRH agonist treatment on steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovary of cyclic mice. J. Ovarian Res. 2010;3(26). DOI 10.1186/1757-2215-3-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh P., Krishna A. Effects of GnRH agonist treatment on steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovary of cyclic mice. J. Ovarian Res. 2010;3(26). DOI 10.1186/1757-2215-3-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sjoblom C., Wikland M., Robertson S. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) acts independently of the beta common subunit of the GM-CSF receptor to prevent inner cell mass apoptosis in human embryos. Biol. Reprod. 2002;67:1817-1823. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.101.001503.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sjoblom C., Wikland M., Robertson S. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) acts independently of the beta common subunit of the GM-CSF receptor to prevent inner cell mass apoptosis in human embryos. Biol. Reprod. 2002;67:1817-1823. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.101.001503.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srisuparp S., Strakova Z., Fazleabas A.T. The role of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) in blastocyst implantation. Arch. Med. Res. 2001; 32(6):627-634. DOI 10.1016/S0188-4409(01)00330-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srisuparp S., Strakova Z., Fazleabas A.T. The role of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) in blastocyst implantation. Arch. Med. Res. 2001; 32(6):627-634. DOI 10.1016/S0188-4409(01)00330-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stevens A.M., Hermes H.M., Rutledge J.C., Buyon J.P., Nelson J.L. Myocardial tissue-specifc phenotype of maternal microchimerism in neonatal lupus congenital heart block. Lancet. 2003;362:1617- 1623. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14795-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevens A.M., Hermes H.M., Rutledge J.C., Buyon J.P., Nelson J.L. Myocardial tissue-specifc phenotype of maternal microchimerism in neonatal lupus congenital heart block. Lancet. 2003;362:1617- 1623. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14795-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strakova Z., Srisuparp S., Fazleabas A.T. Interleukin-1beta induces the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 during decidualization in the primate. Endocrinology. 2000;141(12):4664- 4670. DOI 10.1210/en.141.12.4664.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strakova Z., Srisuparp S., Fazleabas A.T. Interleukin-1beta induces the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 during decidualization in the primate. Endocrinology. 2000;141(12):4664- 4670. DOI 10.1210/en.141.12.4664.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su E.C., Johnson K., Tighiouart H., Bianchi D. Murine maternal cell microchimerism: analysis using real-time PCR and in vivo imaging. Biol. Reprod. 2008;78:883-887. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.107.063305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su E.C., Johnson K., Tighiouart H., Bianchi D. Murine maternal cell microchimerism: analysis using real-time PCR and in vivo imaging. Biol. Reprod. 2008;78:883-887. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.107.063305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Susser E.S., Schaefer C.A., Brown A.S., Begg M.D., Wyatt R.J. The design of the prenatal determinants of schizophrenia study. Schizophr. Bull. 2000;26(2):257-273. DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Susser E.S., Schaefer C.A., Brown A.S., Begg M.D., Wyatt R.J. The design of the prenatal determinants of schizophrenia study. Schizophr. Bull. 2000;26(2):257-273. DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sykes L., MacIntyre D.A., Yap X.J., Teoh T.G., Bennett P.R. The Th1: Th2 dichotomy of pregnancy and preterm labour. Mediators Inﬂamm. 2012;967:6-29. DOI 10.1155/2012/967629.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sykes L., MacIntyre D.A., Yap X.J., Teoh T.G., Bennett P.R. The Th1: Th2 dichotomy of pregnancy and preterm labour. Mediators Inﬂamm. 2012;967:6-29. DOI 10.1155/2012/967629.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szekeres-Bartho J. Immunological relationship between the mother and the fetus. Int. Rev. Immunol. 2002;21(6):471-495. DOI 10.1080/08830180215017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szekeres-Bartho J. Immunological relationship between the mother and the fetus. Int. Rev. Immunol. 2002;21(6):471-495. DOI 10.1080/08830180215017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tilburgs T., Scherjon S.A., van der Mast B.J. Fetal-maternal HLA-C mismatch is associated with decidual T cell activation and induction of functional T regulatory cells. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2009;82(2): 148-157. DOI 10.1016/j.jri.2009.05.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tilburgs T., Scherjon S.A., van der Mast B.J. Fetal-maternal HLA-C mismatch is associated with decidual T cell activation and induction of functional T regulatory cells. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2009;82(2): 148-157. DOI 10.1016/j.jri.2009.05.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van de Perre P. Transfer of antibody via mother’s milk. Vaccine. 2003; 21:3374-3376. DOI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00336-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van de Perre P. Transfer of antibody via mother’s milk. Vaccine. 2003; 21:3374-3376. DOI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00336-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verma S., King A., Loke Y.W. Expression of killer cell inhibitory receptors on human uterine natural killer cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 1997;27: 979-983.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verma S., King A., Loke Y.W. Expression of killer cell inhibitory receptors on human uterine natural killer cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 1997;27: 979-983.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wegmann T.G., Lin H., Guilbert L., Mosmann T.R. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal¬fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunol. Today. 1993;14(7):353-356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wegmann T.G., Lin H., Guilbert L., Mosmann T.R. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunol. Today. 1993;14(7):353-356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams C.L., Teeling J.L., Perry V.H., Fleming T.P. Mouse maternal systemic inﬂammation at the zygote stage causes blunted cytokine responsiveness in lipopolysaccharide-challenged adult offspring. BMC Biol. 2011;19(9):49. DOI 10.1186/1741-7007-9-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams C.L., Teeling J.L., Perry V.H., Fleming T.P. Mouse maternal systemic inﬂammation at the zygote stage causes blunted cytokine responsiveness in lipopolysaccharide-challenged adult offspring. BMC Biol. 2011;19(9):49. DOI 10.1186/1741-7007-9-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Witkin S., Liu H.-C., Davis O.K., Rosenwatz Z. Tumor necrosis factor is present in maternal sera and embryo culture ﬂuids during in vitro fertilization. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1991;19(1):85-93. DOI 10.1016/0165-0378(91)90008-E.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Witkin S., Liu H.-C., Davis O.K., Rosenwatz Z. Tumor necrosis factor is present in maternal sera and embryo culture ﬂuids during in vitro fertilization. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1991;19(1):85-93. DOI 10.1016/0165-0378(91)90008-E.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woodward B.J., Lenton E.A., Turner K. Human chorionic gonadotrophin: embryonic secretion is a time-dependent phenomenon. Hum. Reprod. 1993;8(9):1463-1468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woodward B.J., Lenton E.A., Turner K. Human chorionic gonadotrophin: embryonic secretion is a time-dependent phenomenon. Hum. Reprod. 1993;8(9):1463-1468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamada H., Morikawa M., Furuta I. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in women with recurrent abortions: increased cytokine levels and reduced Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2003;49(2):84-89. DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.01184.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamada H., Morikawa M., Furuta I. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in women with recurrent abortions: increased cytokine levels and reduced Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2003;49(2):84-89. DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.01184.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao X.A., Cang M., Yuan J.L., Wang Z.G., Yang M.L., Gao X.Y. Interleukin-6 and its receptor in the development of in vitro fertilized ovine embryos. Small Ruminant Res. 2012;102:43-50. DOI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao X.A., Cang M., Yuan J.L., Wang Z.G., Yang M.L., Gao X.Y. Interleukin-6 and its receptor in the development of in vitro fertilized ovine embryos. Small Ruminant Res. 2012;102:43-50. DOI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zimmermann G., Ackermann W., Alexander H. Epithelial human chorionic gonadotropin is expressed and produced in human secretory endometrium during the normal menstrual cycle. Biol. Reprod. 2009; 80(5):1053-1065. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.108.069575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zimmermann G., Ackermann W., Alexander H. Epithelial human chorionic gonadotropin is expressed and produced in human secretory endometrium during the normal menstrual cycle. Biol. Reprod. 2009; 80(5):1053-1065. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.108.069575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
