vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.462vavilov-1869Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХANIMAL GENETICSПоловые различия в экспрессии мышечных генов, вовлеченных в окисление липидов и захват глюкозы, у голодавших мышейSex differences in the expression of lipid oxidation and glucose uptake genes in muscles of fasted micehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-1623ФеофановаН. А.FeofanovaN. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

nataly.feofanova@gmail.comЯковлеваТ. В.YakovlevaT. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

МакароваЕ. Н.MakarovaE. N.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

БажанН. М.BazhanN. M.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии; Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияResearch Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology; Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RASRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RASRussian Federation2019260220192316266Copyright © Феофанова Н.А., Яковлева Т.В., Макарова Е.Н., Бажан Н.М., 20192019Феофанова Н.А., Яковлева Т.В., Макарова Е.Н., Бажан Н.М.Feofanova N.A., Yakovleva T.V., Makarova E.N., Bazhan N.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1869

Голодание становится все более популярным средством для лечения и профилактики ожирения. Данные о половых различиях механизмов адаптации к голоданию могут быть актуальными при выборе терапевтической стратегии для коррекции нарушений обмена веществ. Гепатокин фактор роста фибробластов 21 (FGF21) вовлечен в регуляцию адаптации к голоданию. Основным потребителем энергии в организме является мышечная ткань, поэтому регуляция метаболизма мышц играет важную роль в ответе организма на пищевой дефицит. Однако половые особенности в физиологическом ответе FGF21 и мышечной ткани на голод пока еще недостаточно изучены. Целью данного исследования было изучение половых особенностей гормональных изменений в крови и экспрессии генов метаболизма глюкозы и жиров в скелетных мышцах в ответ на голод. Мы оценивали влияние 24-часового лишения пищи на экспрессию генов, участвующих в метаболизме липидов (Ucp3, Cpt1) и углеводов (Slc2a4) в мышцах, и изменения массы тела, уровня глюкозы, инсулина, свободных жирных кислот, адипонектина и FGF21 в крови у самцов и самок мышей C57BL/6J. У самцов и самок контрольных групп не выявлено половых различий в уровне мРНК генов Ucp3, Cpt1 и Slc2a4 в мышцах, под влиянием голода самки продемонстрировали значительное увеличение экспрессии всех генов по сравнению с контролем. Голодание достоверно снижало массу тела и уровень глюкозы в крови у животных обоих полов и не влияло на уровни инсулина и свободных жирных кислот в крови. Уровни адипонектина и FGF21 повышались в ответ на голодание, у самок это повышение было статистически достоверным. Мы впервые продемонстрировали половой диморфизм в экспрессии генов, вовлеченных в метаболизм липидов и углеводов (Ucp3, Cpt1 и Slc2a4) в мышцах, и уровне FGF21 в крови в ответ на голод: у самок происходит более выраженное повышение экспрессии генов, ассоциированное с ростом уровня FGF21 и адипонектина.

Fasting has become increasingly popular for treatment and prevention of obesity. Sex differences in the mechanisms of adaptation to fasting may contribute to choosing a therapeutic strategy for correction of metabolic disorders. Hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is involved in the adaptation to fasting. Muscles are assumed to be the main energy-consuming tissue in the body, as muscle metabolism plays an important role in the adaptation to nutritional deficit. However, there is still little information on sex differences in muscle and FGF21 physiological response to fasting. Our aim was to find out whether there were sex differences in hormonal regulation and the expression of genes controlling glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscles in response to fasting. We estimated the effect of 24-hour fasting on the expression of genes involved in lipid (Ucp3, Cpt1) and carbohydrate (Slc2a4) metabolism in muscles and evaluated changes in body weight and blood plasma levels of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), adiponectin, and FGF21 in male and female C57BL/6J mice. None of the genes studied (Ucp3, Cpt1 and Slc2a4) showed sex-related changes at mRNA levels in control groups, but females exposed to fasting demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of all genes as compared to control. Fasting significantly decreased body weight and glucose blood plasma levels in animals of both sexes but exerted no effect on the levels of insulin or FFA. The adiponectin and FGF21 levels were increased in response to fasting, the increase in females being significant. We were first to show sex dimorphism in muscle gene expression and FGF21 blood level in response to fasting. In females, the greater increase in FGF21 and adiponectin blood levels was positively associated with the greater upregulation of lipid oxidation and glucose uptake gene expression.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.