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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.463</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1870</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль метилирования ДНК в нарушении костного метаболизма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of DNA methylation in the disorders of bone metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-1736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ялаев</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yalaev</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yalaev.bulat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0841-3024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра госпитальной терапии,</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миргалиева</surname><given-names>Р. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirgalieva</surname><given-names>R. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-850X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинова</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainova</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и генетики Уфимского научного центра Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Science Centre RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Республиканский медико-генетический центр<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Republican Medical-Genetic Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и генетики Уфимского научного центра Российской академии наук;&#13;
Республиканский медико-генетический центр<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Science Centre RAS;&#13;
Republican Medical-Genetic Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ялаев Б.И., Тюрин А.В., Миргалиева Р.Я., Хусаинова Р.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ялаев Б.И., Тюрин А.В., Миргалиева Р.Я., Хусаинова Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yalaev B.I., Tyurin A.V., Mirgalieva R.Y., Khusainova R.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1870">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1870</self-uri><abstract><p>Остеопороз (ОП) является одним из многофакторных заболеваний и развивается на основе взаимодействия генетической компоненты с окружающей средой. Однако, несмотря на существенные достижения в понимании молекулярно-генетических аспектов этого заболевания и развитие методов диагностики, для остеопороза не регламентированы эпигенетические маркеры, прогнозирующие риск заболевания на доклинической стадии и позволяющие предсказать его течение и тяжесть с целью проведения профилактических мероприятий для снижения риска переломов. Расширение знаний в области биологии костной ткани, особенно в направлении генетики остеопороза и остеоиммунологии, позволило показать, что остеопороз возникает не только на основе гормональных или механических нарушений, а представляет собой сложный процесс деструкции костной ткани многофакториальной природы. Уменьшение костной массы, нарушение минерализации матрикса и изменение микроархитектуры кости могут иметь разные патогенетические схемы развития, и, кроме того, все еще остаются неизвестные звенья патогенеза ОП. Одним из таких звеньев, вероятно, является ДНК-метилирование, которое представляет собой механизм эпигенетической регуляции экспрессии генов. Ряд данных указывает на то, что этот механизм, наряду с регуляторными микроРНК и посттрансляционными модификациями, вносит существенный вклад в центральные процессы костного ремоделирования и роста костной ткани. Несмотря на это, результаты современных исследований значительно различаются, профиль метилирования ДНК у пациентов с остеопорозом не всегда воспроизводится в полногеномных исследованиях, до сих пор не определены биомаркеры первичного ОП на основе эпигенетических аберраций, воспроизводимые в различных популяциях. Поэтому актуальной задачей является выяснение значимости накопленных данных. Цель данного обзора – обобщение и систематизация данных о роли ДНК-метилирования в костном метаболизме в норме и патологии, формировании остеопороза, оценка достижений и тенденций в этой области исследований и технологий изучения ДНК-метилирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoporosis is one of multifactorial diseases, it develops from interactions between the genetic component and the environment. However, the universal epigenetic markers of osteoporosis are not yet defined. Finding the risk factors will predict the risk of osteoporosis at the preclinical stage, help define the course and severity of the disease, and develop preventive measures based on them to reduce the risk of fractures. Expanding knowledge in the field of bone biology, especially in the genetics of osteoporosis and osteoimmunology, showed that osteoporosis is a disease that occurs not only due to hormonal or mechanical disorders, but also as a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease, and there are still unknown pathogenetic links in its structure. Decreases in bone mass and matrix mineralization as well as changes in bone microarchitecture can have different pathogenetic patterns of development and, moreover, there are unknown links of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. It is possible that DNA methylation is one of these links and a mechanism for epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Evidence exists that this mechanism alongside regulatory miRNAs and post-translational modifications makes a significant contribution to the central processes of bone remodeling; however, the results of various studies vary greatly, and, therefore, there is a need to understand the significance of the accumulated data and to make them consistent. The purpose of this review is to compile and systematize data on the role of DNA methylation in bone metabolism in normal and pathological conditions, in the formation of osteoporosis, and to assess achievements and trends in this field of research and technologies for studying DNA methylation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>минеральная плотность костной ткани</kwd><kwd>переломы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd><kwd>bone mineral density</kwd><kwd>fractures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ванюшин Б.Ф. 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