vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.466vavilov-1873Research ArticleКЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯCELL BIOLOGYМикроспоровый эмбриогенез in vitro – роль стрессовMicrospore embryogenesis in vitro: the role of stresseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-0521ДьячукТ. И.DjatchoukT. I.

Саратов

Saratov

cell_selection@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-6076ХомяковаО. В.KhomyakovaO. V.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-9246АкининаВ. Н.AkininaV. N.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8870-121XКибкалоИ. А.KibkaloI. A.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-9713ПоминовА. В.PominovA. V.

Саратов

Saratov

Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Юго-ВостокаРоссияAgricultural Research Institute of South-East RegionRussian Federation2019260220192318694Copyright © Дьячук Т.И., Хомякова О.В., Акинина В.Н., Кибкало И.А., Поминов А.В., 20192019Дьячук Т.И., Хомякова О.В., Акинина В.Н., Кибкало И.А., Поминов А.В.Djatchouk T.I., Khomyakova O.V., Akinina V.N., Kibkalo I.A., Pominov A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1873

Гаметический эмбриогенез является одной из форм тотипотентности растительной клетки, при которой клетки мужского или женского гаметофитов проявляют способность формировать эмбриоиды (спорофит). Регенерация гаплоидных растений из эмбриоидов и последующее удвоение числа хромосом приводят к получению удвоенных гаплоидов, или DH-линий. Технологии производства удвоенных гаплоидов дают возможность одноступенчатого создания гомозигот из гетерозиготных растений. Разработка эффективных гаплоидных протоколов имеет большое значение для селекции, их применение сокращает время и затраты для создания новых сортов. Микроспоровый или пыльцевой эмбриогенез используется более широко в сравнении с другими методами получения гаплоидных растений. В значительной степени это связано с большим количеством мужских гаметофитов в пределах одного пыльника по сравнению с единичными гаметофитами в зародышевом мешке. Переключение культивируемых in vitro микроспор с гаметофитного на спорофитный путь развития, как правило, индуцируется различными стрессами, применяемыми на донорные растения, соцветия, изолированные пыльники или микроспоры в условиях как in vivo, так и in vitro. Физические и химические предобработки (холодовой и тепловой шок, углеводное голодание, колхицин, бутанол) действуют как триггеры, индуцирующие спорофитный путь развития, и предотвращают гаметофитное развитие микроспор. Накопленные литературные данные позволяют предположить, что холодовой шок влияет фактически как антистрессовый фактор, смягчающий действие реального стресса, вызванного голоданием изолированных от растения пыльников или микроспор. Под воздействием стрессов сильновакуолизированная поляризованная микроспора трансформируется в деполяризованную и дедифференцированную клетку, что является обязательным условием для репрограммирования ее развития в спорофит (эмбриоид). В настоящем обзоре мы обобщили данные о роли различных стрессов в индукции микроспорового эмбриогенеза и некоторые возможные механизмы их действия на клеточном и молекулярном уровне. Выявление новых стрессов и способов их воздействий, повышающих потенциал микроспорового эмбриогенеза, позволит создать эффективные протоколы получения DH-линий для их использования в селекции экономически ценных видов растений.

Gametic embryogenesis is one form of totipotency of plant cells, in which either male or female gametes are induced to form embryoids (sporophytes). Regeneration of haploid plants from embryoids and subsequent chromosome duplication result in doubled haploids and DH-lines. The production of haploids and doubled haploids (DHs) through gametic embryogenesis allows a single-stage development of complete homozygous lines from heterozygous plants. The development of effective haploid protocols to produce homozygous plants has a significant impact on plant breeding, shorting the time and costs required to establish new cultivars. There are several available methods to obtain haploids and DHs-lines, of which anther or isolated microspore culture in vitro are the most effective. Microspore embryogenesis is more commonly applied. This is in part because more male gametophytes are contained in a single anther compared to the single female gametophyte per embryo sac. Microspore embryogenesis is regarded as one of the most striking examples of plant cell totipotency. The switch of cultured microspores from gametophytic to sporophytic mode of development has been induced by stress treatments of various kinds applied to donor plants, inflorescences, buds, anthers or isolated microspores both in vivo and in  vitro. Physical or chemical pretreatments (cold and heat shock, sugar starvation, colchicine, n-butanol, gametocydes) act as a trigger for inducing the sporophytic pathway, preventing the gametophytic pathway development of microspore. The recent investigations have revealed that cold pretreatment during microspore reprogramming acts rather as an anti-stress factor alleviating the real stress caused by nutrient starvation of anthers or microspores isolated from donor plants. Under stress pretreatment a vacuolated and polarized microspore transformed into a depolarized and dedifferentiated cell, which is an obligatory condition for reprogramming their development. We summarize data concerning the role of various stresses in the induction of microspore embryogenesis and possible mechanisms of their action at cellular and molecular levels. Identification of new stresses allows creating efficient protocols of doubled haploid production for end-user application in the breeding of many important crops.

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DOI 10.1007/s11240-008-9360-6.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.