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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.473</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1925</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ХРОМОСОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHROMOSOME ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пространственно-временная организация репликации у дрозофилы и ее особенности в политенных хромосомах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Replication timing in Drosophila  and its peculiarities in polytene chromosomes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolesnikova@mcb.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антоненко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макунин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makunin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск; Сент-Люсия, Квинсленд, Австралия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной и клеточной биологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS. Novosibirsk State University.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной и клеточной биологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной и клеточной биологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Исследовательский вычислительный центр, Квинслендский университет.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS; Research Computing Centre, The University of Queensland.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колесникова Т.Д., Антоненко О.В., Макунин И.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колесникова Т.Д., Антоненко О.В., Макунин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova T.D., Antonenko O.V., Makunin I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1925">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1925</self-uri><abstract><p>Drosophila melanogaster – один из популярных модельных организмов для изучения репликации ДНК. Начиная с 1960-х годов репликацию политенных хромосом активно изучали c помощью цитологических методов. В последние двадцать лет прогресс в изучении репликации определялся применением новых методов. Использование флуоресцентных красителей значительно улучшило разрешение цитологических подходов. Наличие геномной последовательности позволило изучить и соотнести репликацию ДНК со структурой хроматина и активностью генов для эухроматиновых районов в масштабе генома. Картирование границ цитологических структур политенных хромосом на последовательности генома дало возможность сравнить временные характеристики репликации районов хромосом в клеточных культурах и клетках слюнной железы. Были описаны новые особенности репликации как для хромосом диплоидных клеток, так и для политенных хромосом дрозофилы. Анализ временных профилей репликации показал, что организация репликации имеет в своей основе те же закономерности, что и у других хорошо изученных с точки зрения репликации видов, в частности человека. Ранняя репликация, как правило, приурочена к районам, характеризующимся высоким уровнем транскрипции, высокой плотностью генов и присутствием множественных сайтов потенциальной инициации репликации. Компактность генома D. melanogaster вносит некоторые особенности в организацию ее репликации. Последовательность репликации генома в политенных хромосомах и хромосомах диплоидных клеток имеет много общего: инициация репликации приурочена к одним и тем же районам, между которыми лежат протяженные участки генома, где репликация происходит преимущественно от краев к середине. Важнейшими особенностями репликации в политенных хромосомах являются низкая скорость репликационных вилок и зависимость протяженности S-фазы от множества как внутренних, так и внешних факторов. В политенных хромосомах D. melanogaster скорость движения репликационных вилок зависит от присутствия в хроматине белков SUUR и Rif1.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Drosophila melanogaster is one of the popular model organisms in DNA replication studies. Since the 1960s, DNA replication of polytene chromosomes has been extensively studied by cytological methods. In the recent two decades, the progress in our understanding of DNA replication was associated with new techniques. Use of fluorescent dyes increased the resolution of cytological methods significantly. High-throughput methods allowed analysis of DNA replication on a genome scale, as well as its correlation with chromatin structure and gene activi ty. Precise mapping of the cytological structures of polytene chromosomes to the genome assembly allowed comparison of replication between polytene chromosomes and chromosomes of diploid cells. New features of replication characteristic for D. melanogaster were described for both diploid and polytene chromosomes. Comparison of genomic replication profiles revealed a significant similarity between Drosophila and other well-studi ed eukaryotic species, such as human. Early replication is often confined to intensely transcribed gene-dense regions characterized by multiple replication initiation sites. Features of DNA replication in Drosophila might be explained by a compact genome. The organization of replication in polytene chromosomes has much in common with the organization of replication in chromosomes in diploid cells. The most important feature of replication in polytene chromosomes is its low rate and the dependence of S-phase duration on many factors: external and internal, local and global. The speed of replication forks in D. melanogaster polytene chromosomes is affected by SUUR and Rif1 proteins. It is not known yet how universal the mechanisms associated with these factors are, but their study is very promising.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Drosophila melanogaster</kwd><kwd>репликационный тайминг</kwd><kwd>сайт начала репликации</kwd><kwd>политенные хромосомы</kwd><kwd>эндоцикл</kwd><kwd>Supressor of UnderReplication</kwd><kwd>SUUR</kwd><kwd>Rif1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Drosophila melanogaster</kwd><kwd>replication timing</kwd><kwd>replication origins</kwd><kwd>replication initiation zone</kwd><kwd>polytene chromosome</kwd><kwd>endocycle</kwd><kwd>Supressor of UnderReplication</kwd><kwd>SUUR</kwd><kwd>Rif1</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Achary P.M., Majumdar K., Duttagupta A., Mukherjee A.S. Replication of DNA in larval salivary glands of Drosophila after in vivo synchro¬nization. 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