vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.476vavilov-1928Research ArticleЭПИГЕНЕТИКАEPIGENETICSРоль АТФ-зависимых хроматин-ремоделирующих факторов в процессе сборки хроматина in vivoThe role of aTp-dependent chromatin remodeling factors in chromatin assembly in vivoИльинаЮ. А.Il’inaIu. A.

Гатчина.

Gatchina.

КоневА. Ю.KonevA. Yu.

Гатчина.

Gatchina.

konev_ay@pnpi.nrcki.ruПетербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт».РоссияPetersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”.Russian Federation201928032019232160167Copyright © Ильина Ю.А., Конев А.Ю., 20192019Ильина Ю.А., Конев А.Ю.Il’ina I.A., Konev A.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1928

Сборка хроматина – фундаментальный процесс, необходимый для дупликации хромосом в процессе репликации ДНК. Кроме того, удаление гистонов и их инкорпорирование постоянно происходят в течение клеточного цикла в ходе процессов метаболизма ДНК, таких как транскрипция, восстановление повреждений или рекомбинация. Исследования in vitro показали, что сборка хроматина требует совместного действия гистоновых шаперонов и использующих энергию АТФ хроматин-ремоделирующих факторов – ACF или CHD1. Несмотря то, что АТФ-зависимые факторы сборки и ремоделирования хроматина хорошо охарактеризованы биохимически, оставалось неясным, до какой степени сборка нуклеосом является АТФ-зависимым процессом in vivo. Наши собственные и опубликованные в литературе данные о функциях АТФ-зависимых хроматин-ремоделирующих факторов показывают, что эти белки существенны для сборки нуклеосом и обмена гистонов и in vivo. CHD1 – критически важный фактор при реорганизации мужского пронуклеуса после оплодотворения, в процессе которой происходит независимая от репликации сборка хроматина, содержащего вариантный гистон Н3.3. Следовательно, молекулярные моторные белки, такие как CHD1, функционируют in vivo не только в ремоделировании существующих нуклеосом, но также и в сборке нуклеосом de novo из ДНК и гистонов. АТФ-зависимые факторы сборки и ремоделирования хроматина участвуют в процессе обмена гистонов во время транскрипции и репарации ДНК, в поддержании центромерного хроматина и образовании и ремоделировании нуклеосом позади прохождения репликационной вилки. Таким образом, хроматин-ремоделирующие факторы участвуют в процессах как зависимой, так и не зависимой от репликации сборки хроматина. Их роль особенно заметна в процессах крупномасштабной реорганизации хроматина, например при реорганизации хроматина мужского пронуклеуса или при восстановлении повреждений ДНК. Гипероновые шапероны, модифицирующие хроматин ферменты и АТФ-зависимые факторы сборки хроматина совместно образуют сеть факторов, обеспечивающих поддержание целостности хроматина.

Chromatin assembly is a fundamental process essential for chromosome duplication subsequent to DNA replication. In addition, histone removal and incorporation take place constantly throughout the cell cycle in the course of DNA-utilizing processes, such as transcription, damage repair or recombination. In vitro studies have revealed that nucleosome assembly relies on the combined action of core histone chaperones and ATP-utilizing molecular motor proteins such as ACF or CHD1. Despite extensive biochemical characterization of ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factors, it has remained unclear to what extent nucleosome assembly is an ATP-dependent process in vivo. Our original and published data about the functions of ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factors clearly demonstrated that these proteins are important for nucleosome assembly and histone exchange in vivo. During male pronucleus reorganization after fertilization CHD1 has a critical role in the genomescale, replication-independent nucleosome assembly involving the histone variant H3.3. Thus, the molecular motor proteins, such as CHD1, function not only in the remodeling of existing nucleosomes but also in de novo nucleosome assembly from DNA and histones in vivo. ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factors have been implicated in the process of histone exchange during transcription and DNA repair, in the maintenance of centromeric chromatin and in the loading and remodeling of nucleosomes behind a replication fork. Thus, chromatin remodeling factors are involved in the processes of both replication-dependent and replication-independent chromatin assembly. The role of these proteins is especially prominent in the processes of large-scale chromatin reorganization; for example, during male pronucleus formation or in DNA repair. Together, ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factors, histone chaperones and chromatin modifying enzymes form a “chromatin integrity network” to ensure proper maintenance and propagation of chromatin landscape.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.