References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ19.484

vavilov-1938

Research Article

РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ ГЕНОВ И ГЕНОМОВ

GENOME AND GENE REGULATION

Механизмы регуляции транскрипции под действием экдизона

Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of ecdysone response

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-0553

Мазина

М. Ю.

Mazina

M. Yu.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-834X

Воробьева

Н. Е.

Vorobyeva

N. E.

Москва.

Moscow.

vorobyeva@genebiology.ru

Институт биологии гена Российской академии наук, группа динамики транскрипционных комплексов.РоссияInstitute of Gene Biology, RAS, Group of transcriptional complexes dynamics.Russian Federation

2019

30032019

232212218

2019

Мазина М.Ю., Воробьева Н.Е.

Mazina M.Y., Vorobyeva N.E.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1938

Механизмы экспрессии экдизон-зависимых генов исследуются на протяжении нескольких десятилетий. Исходно активация транскрипции отдельных генов под воздействием экдизона была исследована на модели политенных хромосом Drosophila melanogaster. Эти работы помогли изучить многочисленные аспекты развития дрозофилы и выявили ценную информацию относительно фундаментальных механизмов, управляющих работой генов. Модель, описывающая процесс активации генов экдизоном, была предложена еще много лет назад и названа по имени ее автора – Ashburner model. Данная модель до сих пор считается прекрасным описанием экдизонового каскада, который реализуется в слюнных железах во время формирования куколки дрозофилы. Однако к настоящему времени сформировалось понимание того, что ответ клеток на экдизон может развиваться разным образом в зависимости от типа клеток. Под воздействием экдизона одни и те же гены могут активироваться или репрессироваться в клетках различного происхождения. Судя по всему, за такую тканеспецифичность отвечают определенные ДНК-связывающие транскрипционные факторы, которые вовлечены в экдизон-зависимый ответ вместе с EcR/Usp гетеродимером. На сегодняшний день описано множество транскрипционных регуляторов, вовлеченных в процесс экдизонового ответа. Среди них несколько комплексов, ответственных за ремоделирование и модификацию хроматина. Различными методами было показано, что экдизон-зависимая активация/репрессия транскрипции генов протекает со значительными структурными изменениями хроматина на регуляторных элементах. Описание молекулярного механизма этого процесса, в частности роли в нем отдельных белков, а также структурных взаимодействий между различными регуляторными элементами, – дело будущего. Целью нашего обзора является обсуждение имеющейся информации относительно регуляторов транскрипции, взаимодействующих с экдизоновым рецептором. Приведено краткое описание механизма участия регулятора в экдизоновом ответе, а также ссылки на соответствующее исследование. Обсуждаются общие аспекты механизма экдизон-зависимой регуляции транскрипции в свете последних исследований и выделены наиболее перспективные моменты, которые кажутся нам интересными для дальнейшего изучения.

The mechanisms of ecdysone-dependent expression have been studied for many decades. Initially, the activation of individual genes under the influence of ecdysone was studied on the model of polythene chromosomes from salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. These works helped to investigate the many aspects of the Drosophila development. They also revealed plenty of valuable information regarding the fundamental mechanisms controlling the genes’ work. Many years ago, a model describing the process of gene activation by ecdysone, named after the author – Ashburner model – was proposed. This model is still considered an excellent description of the ecdysone cascade, which is implemented in the salivary glands during the formation of the Drosophila pupa. However, these days there is an opinion that the response of cells to the hormone ecdysone can develop with significant differences, depending on the type of cells. The same genes can be activated or repressed under the influence of ecdysone in different tissues. Likely, certain DNA-binding transcription factors that are involved in the ecdysonedependent response together with the EcR/Usp heterodimer are responsible for cell-type specificity. A number of transcriptional regulators involved in the ecdysone response have been described. Among them are several complexes responsible for chromatin remodeling and modification. It has been shown by various methods that ecdysone-dependent activation/repression of gene transcription develops with significant structural changes of chromatin on regulatory elements. The description of the molecular mechanism of this process, in particular, the role of individual proteins in it, as well as structural interactions between various regulatory elements is a matter of the future. This review is aimed to discuss the available information regarding the main regulators that interact with the ecdysone receptor. We provide a brief description of the regulator’s participation in the ecdysone response and links to the corresponding study. We also discuss general aspects of the mechanism of ecdysone-dependent regulation and highlight the most promising points for further research.

транскрипцияхроматинрегуляторядерный рецепторEcRэкдизон20Н-экдизондро зофила

transcriptionchromatinregulatornuclear receptorEcRecdysone20H-ecdysoneDrosophila

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.