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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.487</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1941</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ ГЕНОВ И ГЕНОМОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENOME AND GENE REGULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Филогеография и гибридизация врановых птиц Палеарктики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phylogeography and hybridization of corvid birds  in the Palearctic Region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюков</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владивосток.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kryukov@ibss.dvo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научный центр биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии, Дальневосточное отделение Российской академии наук.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, FEB RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>232</fpage><lpage>238</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крюков А.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крюков А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kryukov A.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1941">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1941</self-uri><abstract><p>Природная гибридизация значительно увеличивает фенотипическую и генотипическую изменчивость и формирует внутривидовую структуру, изучением которой занимается филогеография. Нами исследована изменчивость митохондриального и полного геномов птиц семейства врановые Corvidae, родов Corvus, Pica, Cyanopica, Perisoreus и Nucifraga. Анализируя классический случай естественной гибридизации между серой и черной воронами (Corvus corone cornix и C. c. corone) в Сибири, мы не обнаружили предполагаемого уменьшения приспособленности гибридов, однако установили ассортативность скрещиваний, которая должна ограничивать ширину гибридной зоны. В результате использования нескольких подходов и генетических маркеров не найдено различий между серой и черной воронами, но в процессе секвенирования митохондриального генома установлено наличие дифференциации на два гаплотипа в пределах ареала восточной черной вороны. При полногеномном секвенировании нами впервые обнаружена явная диверсификация чистых форм и гибридов по SNP и исследованы участки генома с повышенной дифференциацией – «островки видообразования». Сопоставление геномов птиц из европейской и сибирской гибридных зон выявило частично разные участки, ответственные за меланогенез, с признаками дивергентного отбора. Сравнительная филогеография десяти видов врановых, широко распространенных в Палеарктике, позволила выделить две категории ареалов: с дифференциацией на западные и восточные группы гаплотипов и без такого разделения. Это можно объяснить различными экологическими предпочтениями: к полуоткрытым биотопам у птиц первой группы и к лесам у второй. Представители второй группы пережили плейстоценовые оледенения в предполагаемом единственном лесном рефугиуме с последующим бутылочным горлышком, что объясняет их гомогенность, а виды первой группы могли сформироваться в нескольких местах. Один из таких видов – сорока Pica pica – имеет разрыв ареала в Забайкалье, который в настоящее время заполняется. Принадлежащие разным гаплогруппам популяции, различающиеся по фенотипам, мтДНК и вокализации, образуют зону контакта с ограниченной гибридизацией, но в целом репродуктивно изолированы. Таким образом, современная динамика видовых ареалов формирует филогеографическую структуру видов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Natural hybridization increases a lot phenotypic and genetic diversity and shapes intra-species patterns, which is a subject of phylogeography. We studied mitochondrial and complete genome variation in the bird family Corvidae, genera Corvus, Pica, Cyanopica, Perisoreus and Nucifraga. In the classic case of natural hybridization between carrion and hooded crows in Siberia, we found no decreased fitness of hybrids, but instead positive assortative mating which should restrict hybrid zone width. Several genetic markers were unable to discriminate between pure carrion and hooded crows. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed no difference between carrion and hooded crows, but instead two diverged haplogroups within the eastern part of the distribution range of the carrion crow. NGS resulted in a clear pattern of diversification of pure forms and hybrids (by using SNPs), and showed genomic regions of increased variability, the so-called “speciation islands”. Comparing European and Siberian crow hybrid zones, differences in genome regions bearing genes of melanogenesis supposedly under divergent selection were found. Comparative phylogeographic analysis of 10 widely distributed Palearctic species revealed two kinds of patterns: one with a division into two haplogroups, western and eastern, and another one without such a division. These two phylogeographic patterns might be explained by different habitat preferences: mainly open fields for the first group and forests for the second one. One glacial refuge was assigned to the latter group, while west-east group species might have survived in several refuges. One of such species, the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) has a gap in its range in Transbaikalia, which is currently shrinking before our eyes. The two subspecies divided by this gap differ in phenotype, mtDNA and vocalization. In their young contact zone, some hybridization occurs with small introgression limited by certain post-zygotic isolation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>филогеография</kwd><kwd>гибридные зоны</kwd><kwd>вороны</kwd><kwd>сороки</kwd><kwd>видообразование</kwd><kwd>генетическая изменчивость</kwd><kwd>изоляция</kwd><kwd>дивергенция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phylogeography</kwd><kwd>hybrid zone</kwd><kwd>crow</kwd><kwd>magpie</kwd><kwd>speciation</kwd><kwd>genetic variation</kwd><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>isolation</kwd><kwd>divergence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anijalg P., Ho S.Y.W., Davison J., Keis M., Tammeleht E., Bobowik K., Tumanov I.L., Saveljev A.P., Lyapunova E.A., Vorobiev A.A., Mar¬kov N.A., Kryukov A.P., Kojola I., Swenson J.E., Hagen S.B., Eiken H.G., Paule L., Saarma U. 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