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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.488</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-1942</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ ГЕНОВ И ГЕНОМОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENOME AND GENE REGULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности мейоза у экспериментальных гибридов слепушонок (Ellobius tancrei, Mammalia, Rodentia)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A meiotic mystery in experimental hybrids  of the eastern mole vole (Ellobius tancrei, Mammalia, Rodentia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2607-4169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тамбовцева</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tambovtseva</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lynx1994@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-7685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеевский</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveevsky</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашинцова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashintsova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Третьяков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tretiakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломиец</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomiets</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-7685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баклушинская</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakloushinskaya</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.bakloushinskaya@idbras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова Российской академии наук.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>239</fpage><lpage>243</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тамбовцева В.Г., Матвеевский С.Н., Кашинцова А.А., Третьяков А.В., Коломиец О.Л., Баклушинская И.Ю., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тамбовцева В.Г., Матвеевский С.Н., Кашинцова А.А., Третьяков А.В., Коломиец О.Л., Баклушинская И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tambovtseva V.G., Matveevsky S.N., Kashintsova A.A., Tretiakov A.V., Kolomiets O.L., Bakloushinskaya I.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1942">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1942</self-uri><abstract><p>Хромосомные перестройки могут приводить к формированию новых устойчивых кариотипов, изменяя при этом архитектонику ядра. Различия в локализации хромосом, вероятно, обусловливают неслучайность робертсоновских (Rb) транслокаций и влияют на мейотический драйв как в пользу измененных хромосом, так и против них. Мы предположили, что благодаря гибридизации и мейотическому драйву могут возникать новые хромосомные формы у слепушонок Ellobius tancrei. Был поставлен эксперимент по гибридизации двух форм с одинаковым 2n = 50, но с разными робертсоновскими метацентриками. За десять лет инбредных скрещиваний (сестра – брат) получено девять поколений гибридов (262 помета, 578 животных). У гибридов первого поколения сохранялось диплоидное число 2n = 50, но в силу неполной (монобрахиальной) гомологии в профазе мейоза I помимо 20 бивалентов были выявлены два тривалента и один тетравалент. Гибриды первого поколения имели более низкую плодовитость по сравнению с родительскими формами. Начиная с третьего поколения плодовитость повышалась. Вместо возвращения к родительским кариотипам гибриды второго и последующих поколений получили новые наборы хромосом, отличающиеся диплоидным числом (48, 49, 51, 52) и комбинациями робертсоновских метацентриков. Анализ мейоза у гибридов F4, F7 и F9 показал, что гомологичный синапсис хромосом может быть затруднен из-за наличия гетерозигот и монобрахиальной гомологии, однако некоторые клетки успешно проходят мейоз, что приводит к формированию жизнеспособных гамет и рождению гибридов. Проведенный нами эксперимент воспроизводит процессы, происходящие в естественных условиях, и дает основания считать мейотический драйв основным механизмом, обеспечивающим диверсификацию и быструю фиксацию возникающих хромосомных форм в природе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chromosomal rearrangements can lead to the formation of new stable karyotypes, nevertheless changing the architectonics of the nucleus. The differences in locations might promote Robertsonian (Rb) translocations and encourage meiotic drive in favour of changed chromosomes or against them. We hypothesized that hybridization and meiotic drive may produce new chromosomal forms in Ellobius tancrei. We crossed two forms with 2n = 50, and two pairs of different Rb metacentrics with partial (monobrachial) homology. In 10 years of inbred crossings (sister – brother), we got 9 generations of hybrids (262 litters, 578 animals). In the first hybrid generation, two trivalents, a tetravalent and 20 bivalents were revealed at meiotic prophase I. Hybrids of the first generation had lower fertility, fertility increased starting from the third generation. Instead of returning to parental karyotypes, starting from the second generation, hybrids obtained new chromosome sets, with different 2n (48, 49, 51, 52) and combinations of Rb metacentrics. Analysis of F4, F7 and F9 hybrids revealed that synapsis of homologous parts take place despite the presence of heterozygotes and monobrachial homology of Rb metacentrics. The most common meiotic disturbance was delayed synapsis, which resumed later compared to the homologous crossings. The late synaptic adjustments nevertheless provide a proper segregation of chromosomes and normal sets in the gametes. Therefore, some cells pass through meiosis successfully and promote viable gametes. We proved the hypothesis that origin of monobrachially homologous Rb translocations may lead to divergence in several generations, due to meiotic drive.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>робертсоновские транслокации</kwd><kwd>синаптонемный комплекс</kwd><kwd>гибридизация</kwd><kwd>мейотический драйв</kwd><kwd>видообразование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Robertsonian translocations</kwd><kwd>synaptonemal complex</kwd><kwd>hybridization</kwd><kwd>meiotic drive</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker R.J., Bickham J.W. Speciation by monobrachial centric fusions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1986;83:8245-8248. DOI 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker R.J., Bickham J.W. Speciation by monobrachial centric fusions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1986;83:8245-8248. 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