vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.491vavilov-2017Research ArticleМолекулярная генетикаMolecular geneticsСвязь гаплотипов SNP LTR-области BLV с гематологическими показателями крови крупного рогатого скотаAssociation of haplotypes for SNPs in the LTR regions of bovine leukemia virus with hematological indices of cattleБлажкоН. В.BlazhkoN. V.ВышегуровС. Х.VyshegurovS. Kh.ДонченкоА. С.DonchenkoA. S.ШатохинК. С.ShatokhinK. S.true_genetic@mail.ruКрыцынаТ. И.KrytsynaT. I.РябининаВ. А.RyabininaV. A.Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный аграрный университет; Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий Российской академии наукРоссияNovosibirsk State Agrarian University; Siberian Federal Research Centre for AgroBiotechnology, RASRussian Federation201914052019233262269Copyright © Блажко Н.В., Вышегуров С.Х., Донченко А.С., Шатохин К.С., Крыцына Т.И., Рябинина В.А., 20192019Блажко Н.В., Вышегуров С.Х., Донченко А.С., Шатохин К.С., Крыцына Т.И., Рябинина В.А.Blazhko N.V., Vyshegurov S.K., Donchenko A.S., Shatokhin K.S., Krytsyna T.I., Ryabinina V.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2017

Проведено молекулярно-генетическое типирование образцов вируса лейкоза крупного рогатого скота (BLV), выделенного из образцов крови черно-пестрых голштинизированных коров, у которых были исследованы различные цитофлюорометрические и морфологические показатели крови. Оценивали общее содержание лейкоцитов (WBC), содержание лимфоцитов (lymf), гранулоцитов (gran), моноцитов (mon), эритроцитов (RBC), гемоглобина (HGB), гематокрит (HTC), средний объем эритроцитов (MCV), среднее содержание гемоглобина в одном эритроците (MCH), концентрацию гемоглобина в эритроцитарной массе (MCHC), индекс распределения эритроцитов (RDW), количество тромбоцитов (PLT), средний объем тромбоцитов (MPV), индекс распределения тромбоцитов (PDW) и тромбокрит (PCT). Определены гаплотипы SNP LTR-области BLV. Из восьми возможных были обнаружены только вирусы гаплотипов I (0.33±0.03) и III (0.67±0.03). Соотношение гематологически больных, здоровых и подозрительных носителей вируса лейкоза крупного рогатого скота I и III гаплотипов было сопоставимо с результатами других исследователей. Количество лейкоцитов, эритроцитов и тромбоцитов в крови носителей III гаплотипа превышало аналогичные параметры крупного рогатого скота, пораженного вирусом I гаплотипа. Интересно отметить, что разница гематологического статуса животных проявилась не только в концентрации лейкоцитов, непосредственных иммунных агентов, но и в содержании эритроцитов и тромбоцитов, не имеющих к иммунному ответу непосредственного отношения. Количество частиц III гаплотипа BLV, циркулирующих в крови зараженных особей, превышала таковое значение носителей I гаплотипа. В связи с этим выдвинуто предположение об эволюционном преимуществе III гаплотипа как более вирулентного. Впрочем, результаты настоящего исследования в совокупности с данными других ученых показывают, что высокая вирулентность отдельных штаммов вируса есть следствие стремления к реализации максимально возможной интенсивности синтеза вирусных частиц, а не достижения высокого поражающего эффекта как такового. Показано, что высокая смертоносность эволюционно невыгодна вирусам, так как вымирание носителя как биологического вида чревато исчезновением и самого вируса.

Molecular typing of BLV samples isolated from Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle was carried out, and various cytofluorometric and morphological blood indices were examined. We performed the total count of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte (lymf), granulocyte (gran), monocyte (mon), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HTC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet crit count (PCT). The LTR-region of BLV was haplotyped. Only viruses of haplotypes I (0.33±0.03) and III (0.67±0.03) of the eight possible were detected. The ratio of hematologically sick, healthy, and suspected carriers of BLV of haplotypes I and II was comparable with the results of other researchers. The numbers of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets in the blood of carriers of haplotype III exceeded the corresponding parameters of cattle affected by the virus of haplotype I. It is interesting to note that the difference in the hemolytic status of animals was manifested not only by the concentration of leukocytes as direct immune agents but also by the count of erythrocytes and platelets, which are not directly involved in the immune response. The number of particles of haplotype III of the BLV circulating in the blood of infected individuals exceeded that of the carriers of haplotype I. In this connection, an assumption was made about the evolutionary advantage of the more virulent haplotype III. However, the results of our own research in conjunction with the data of other scientists indicate that the high virulence of individual virus strains is a consequence of the tendency to implement the maximum possible intensity of the synthesis of virus particles but not of the high damaging effect alone. It is shown that high lethality is evolutionarily disadvantageous for viruses, since the extinction of the carrier as a biological species is fraught with the disappearance of the virus itself.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.