vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.495vavilov-2022Research ArticleСелекция растений на иммунитет и продуктивностьPlant breeding for immunity and performanceМозаичные вирусы картофеля, поражающие растения клубненосных видов рода Solanum L. в полевом генном банке ВИРPotato mosaic viruses which infect plants of tuber-bearing Solanum spp. growing in the VIR field gene bankhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-068XРогозинаЕ. В.RogozinaE. V.erogozina@vir.nw.ruМироненкоН. В.MironenkoN. V.ЧалаяН. А.ChalayaN. A.МацухитaЮ.MatsushitaYu.ЯнагисаваХ.YanagisawaH.Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияThe N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растенийРоссияAll-Russian Institute of Plant ProtectionRussian FederationИнститут овощеводства и цветоводства Национальной организации сельского хозяйства и исследований пищевых продуктовЯпонияInstitute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationJapanЦентральный сельскохозяйственный научно-исследовательский центр Национальной организации сельского хозяйства и исследований пищевых продуктовЯпонияCentral Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationJapan201914052019233304311Copyright © Рогозина Е.В., Мироненко Н.В., Чалая Н.А., Мацухитa Ю., Янагисава Х., 20192019Рогозина Е.В., Мироненко Н.В., Чалая Н.А., Мацухитa Ю., Янагисава Х.Rogozina E.V., Mironenko N.V., Chalaya N.A., Matsushita Y., Yanagisawa H.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2022

Вирусные болезни наносят большой ущерб картофелеводству, и особую проблему повсеместно представляет вирус картофеля Y (potato virus Y – PVY), отличающийся разнообразием штаммового состава. Для создания отечественных сортов картофеля (Solanum tuberosum L.), устойчивых к вирусным болезням, исходным материалом служат дикие и культурные клубнеобразующие виды рода Solanum L., сохраняемые в коллекции генетических ресурсов картофеля ВИР. Сохранение и рациональное использование коллекции основано на регулярном фитосанитарном мониторинге, в том числе карантинных объектов, в первую очередь – вироида веретеновидности клубней картофеля (potato spindle tuber viroid – PSTVd). Цель работы – обследование растений клубненосных видов Solanum L. в полевом генном банке ВИР на наличие PSTVd и мозаичных вирусов PVX (potato virus X), PVS (potato virus S), PVM (potato virus M) и PVY (potato virus Y), наиболее распространенных на картофеле в Северо-Западном регионе Российской Федерации. Обследованы клоновые растения 137 генотипов, представляющие 31 вид секции Petota рода Solanum L. Диагностика проведена методами ELISA, ОТ-ПЦР и растений-индикаторов. Среди изученных растений PSTVd не обнаружен, но диагностировано массовое поражение мозаичными вирусами, более половины тестированных клонов инфицировано двумя и более вирусами. Выявлено 17 генотипов (12 %) с отрицательной реакцией ELISA на PVX, PVS, PVM и PVY. Различия в поражении мозаичными вирусами растений Solanum spp., относящихся к разным филогенетическим группам, статистически значимы (по критерию χ2 Пирсона). Среди исследованных генотипов южноамериканских видов доля пораженных PVY достоверно больше, чем среди генотипов североамериканских видов (χ2 = 4.56, p = 0.03), PVХ, напротив, чаще детектирован у генотипов из группы североамериканских видов (χ2 = 8.81, p = 0.003). Штаммы PVY идентифицировали у 37 генотипов Solanum spp. методом мультиплексной ОТ-ПЦР. Выявлено 27 генотипов, пораженных обычным штаммом PVYO, по одному генотипу – пораженные штаммами PVYNW (А) и PVYNW (В), семь генотипов, пораженных смесью штаммов PVYO +PVYNW (А), и один – смесью штаммов PVYO +PVYNTN-NW (SYRI) и SYRIII. Рекомбинантные штаммы PVYNW (А), PVYNTN-NW (SYRI) и SYRIII впервые обнаружены в Северо-Западном регионе Российской Федерации. Обсуждается согласованность результатов диагностики штаммов PVY разными (иммунологический, молекулярный и биологический) методами.

Potato crop is particularly affected by virus diseases, and potato virus Y (PVY) currently considered the most important pathogen distributed worldwide as a diversity of strains. Wild and cultivated tuber-bearing species of the genus Solanum L., stored in the VIR collection, are used as the initial material in creation domestic potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) resistant to virus diseases. The preservation and rational utilization of the potato collection is based on regular phytosanitary monitoring, including quarantine objects, foremost PSTVd (potato spindle tuber viroid). The aim of the work is to examine plants of tuber-bearing Solanum species in the field gene bank of VIR for the presence of PSTVd and PVX (potato virus X), PVS (potato virus S), PVM (potato virus M) and PVY, which are the most common viruses on potatoes in the North-West District of Russia. We examined clonal plants of 137 genotypes representing 31 species of the section Petota of the genus Solanum L. A diagnostic was carried out using ELISA, RT-PCR and indicator plants. No PSTVd was found in the studied plants, but a plural infestation by mosaic viruses was detected, more than half of the tested clones are infected with two or more viruses. In the studied samples, only 17 genotypes (12 %) are not infected by PVX, PVS, PVM and PVY according to the ELISA test. There are statistically significant differences in the virus infestation of Solanum species with different origins, according to Pearson’s chi-squared test. Among the studied genotypes of wild relatives of potatoes, the proportion of those affected by PVY was significantly higher in the South American than in the North American species (χ2 = 4.56, p = 0.03); the proportion of genotypes affected by PVХ was significantly higher in the North American species (χ2 = 8.81, p = 0.003), the critical value was χ2 = 3.841. PVY strains were identified by multiplex RT-PCR in 37 genotypes of Solanum spp. We found that 27 genotypes are infected by a common PVYO strain, two genotypes are infected by PVYNW (A) and PVYNW (B) strains, respectively, seven genotypes are infected by a mixture of PVYO +PVYNW (A) strains, and one is infected by a mixture of PVYO +PVYNTN-NW (SYRI)+SYRIII strains. The recombinant strains of PVY are detected in the North-West District of Russia for the first time. Coherency of the results of PVY strains detection by various (immunological, molecular and biological) methods is discussed.

дикие клубненосные Solanum spp.вироид веретеновидности клубней картофелямозаичные вирусы картофеляштаммы PVYрекомбинантные изолятыELISAОТ-ПЦРрастение-индикаторсмешанная инфекцияwild tuber-bearing Solanum spp.potato spindle tuber viroidpotato mosaic virusesPVY strainsrecombinant strainsELISART-PCRindicator plantmixed infectionThe work was performed in accordance with the State Assignment by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Project No. 0662-2019-0004 (The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, VIR). Molecular identification of PVY virus strains and PSTVd viroid was conducted in All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR) due to support the Comprehensive Program of Scientific Research “Development of potato breeding and seed production”. We thank I.V. Shmyglya, Leading Researcher of the Bioengineering Laboratory at the A.G. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.