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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.496</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2024</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Селекция растений на иммунитет и продуктивность</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Plant breeding for immunity and performance</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация параметров качества зерна для селекции озимой ржи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimization of grain quality parameters for winter rye breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-3938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">smponomarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-4435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства – обособленное структурное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра «Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук»; &#13;
Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture – Subdivision of the “Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences”; &#13;
Kazan (Volga region) Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства – обособленное структурное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра «Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture – Subdivision of the “Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>320</fpage><lpage>327</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пономарева М.Л., Пономарев С.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пономарева М.Л., Пономарев С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ponomareva M.L., Ponomarev S.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2024">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2024</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель настоящей работы – оценить фенотипическую изменчивость показателей качества зерна и выявить комплекс наиболее информативных признаков для селекции разнообразных по направлению использования сортов озимой ржи. Исследования выполнены в Татарском научно-исследовательском институте сельского хозяйства – обособленном структурном подразделении Федерального исследовательского центра «Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук» в 2001–2015 гг. на 15 сортах озимой ржи. Оценены 20 параметров, определяющих качество зерна и сырьевую ценность: технологические показатели (масса 1000 зерен, натурная масса и выравненность зерна), параметры устойчивости к прорастанию зерна (число падения, высота амилограммы, температура пика клейстеризации крахмала), кинематическая вязкость водного экстракта (ВВЭ) зернового шрота, хлебопекарные свойства (органолептическая оценка пробной выпечки хлебцев). Наибольшее влияние генотипа выявлено по ВВЭ (34.8 %) и содержанию белка (27.8 %). Эти признаки должны быть в первую очередь предметом фенотипической оценки в селекционном процессе. Фенотипическая изменчивость критериев углеводно-амилазного комплекса и активности α-амилаз и технологических параметров определялась преимущественно (68.6…82.5 %) средовыми факторами. Между числом падения (ЧП) и содержанием белка отсутствовала значимая связь. ЧП существенно коррелировало с высотой амилограммы и температурой пика клейстеризации. Выявлена положительная сопряженность средней силы ВВЭ с высотой амилограммы и ЧП. На основании многолетней фенотипической оценки с помощью метода главных компонент проведена оптимизация анализируемых показателей качества зерна озимой ржи. Для селекционной оценки озимой ржи предлагается использовать четыре интегральных показателя, имеющих наибольшую весовую нагрузку: содержание белка, число падения, вязкость водного экстракта и масса 1000 зерен. Этот комплекс признаков будет обеспечивать объективность и полноту оценки создаваемого селекционного материала. Показано, что кинематическая вязкость водного экстракта должна стать важным селекционным показателем как для определения хлебопекарных качеств ржи, так и для выявления кормовых достоинств зерна.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this work was to evaluate the phenotypic variability of grain quality indicators and to identify the set of the most informative indicators for the selection of different use varieties of winter rye. The research was carried out in Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture – Subdivision of the “Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences” in 2001–2015 on 15 varieties of winter rye. Twenty parameters defining quality of grain and raw value were estimated: technological indicators (thousand grain mass, full-scale weight and grain uniformity), parameters preharvest sprouting (falling number, rate of amylogram, temperature of peak of starch gelatinization), kinematic water extract viscosity (WEV) of grain meal, baking properties (organoleptic assessment of trial baking bread). The greatest influence of genotype was found on WEV (34.8 %) and protein content (27.8 %). These features should be primarily the subject of phenotypic evaluation in the breeding process. Phenotypic variability of criteria of carbohydrate-amylase complex, α-amylases activity and technological parameters was determined predominantly (68.6…82.5 %) by environmental factors. There was no significant relationship between falling number and protein content. The falling number correlated with the rate of amylogram and the temperature of gelatinization. Positive conjugation of the average power of WEV with the rate of amylogram and falling number was found. On the basis of a prolonged phenotypic evaluation using principal component analysis we have optimized the analyzed indicators of quality properties of winter rye grain. For breeding evaluation of winter rye it is proposed to use four integral indi cators having the greatest weight load: protein content, falling number, water extract viscosity and thousand grain mass. This complex of features will provide objectivity and completeness of the evaluation of the breeding material. It was shown that the kinematic viscosity of the water extract should become an important selection index, both for determining the baking qualities of rye, and for revealing the fodder grain advantages.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>озимая рожь</kwd><kwd>качество зерна</kwd><kwd>число падения</kwd><kwd>вязкость водного экстракта</kwd><kwd>белок</kwd><kwd>амилограмма</kwd><kwd>метод главных компонент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>winter rye</kwd><kwd>grain quality</kwd><kwd>falling number</kwd><kwd>water extract viscosity</kwd><kwd>protein</kwd><kwd>amylogram</kwd><kwd>principal component analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Kazan Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, project АААА-А18-118031390148-1 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 17-29-08023ofi_m.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Kazan Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, project АААА-А18-118031390148-1 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 17-29-08023ofi_m.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алтухов А.И. 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